Film boiling on a reactive surfaceEbullition en film sur une surface reactiveFilmsieden an einer reaktionsfreudigen oberflächeПлeнoчнoe кипeниe нa чимичecки aктивнoй пoвepчнocти

To help understand the rapid oxidation of high-temperature materials immersed in water, we treat here the flow of a liquid over a reactive body; the temperature of the body is such that the liquid undergoes film boiling at its surface. Contained within the film that envelopes the surface is the evaporated liquid which diffuses to the surface and reacts there to form product gas which diffuses away from the surface. The two-phase flow and heat and mass transfer problem which arises is formulated within the framework of steady-state stagnation flow theory. The theory is applied to the quasi-steady oxidation of molten zirconium spheres falling through water and predicts results which are consistent with available zirconium sphere oxidation data.     

Passive avoidance in psychopathic offenders: A replication and extension.

A passive avoidance task was administered to 97 Caucasian and 110 African American offenders to (a) replicate prior research demonstrating poor passive avoidance in psychopathic individuals (Ps) with low anxiety, (b) compare the effects of anxiety, neuroticism, and fear in identifying subgroups of Ps and controls who differ in passive avoidance, and (c) reevaluate the generalizability of this finding to African American offenders. Replicating past research with Caucasian offenders, low-anxious Ps committed significantly more passive avoidance efforts than low-anxious controls. Although this difference was also found in Ps and controls with low neuroticism scores, the comparison involving low-fear offenders failed to reach significance. As in past research, comparable comparisons involving African American offenders were not statistically significant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mutations that prevent associative learning in C. elegans.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers a promising system for the reductionist study of learning and memory. In this article, classical conditioning in C. elegans is demonstrated with a variety of associative learning assays. These assays allowed for the isolation and behavioral characterization of 2 mutant C. elegans lines impaired in associative learning. Both lines show no short-term or long-term associative conditioning; however, they appear relatively normal in tests of nonassociative learning and sensorimotor function. In combination with the well-described genetics and neuroanatomy of C. elegans, the isolation of mutants selectively, yet completely, blocked in associative learning provides the basis for an effective characterization of the cellular and molecular aspects of associative learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transdermal clonidine for smoking cessation: A double-blind randomized dose–response study.

A 4-week trial tested the effects of 4 doses (placebo, 0.1 mg/d, 0.2 mg/d, and 0.3 mg/d) of transdermal clonidine on smoking cessation and nicotine withdrawal. After a 1-week baseline, smokers (N?=?72) started the drug and tried to quit by Week 3. Significantly fewer smokers who received a placebo were abstinent at 5 days after quitting as compared with smokers who received clonidine at any dose (19% vs 57%, respectively, p?=?.007). Blood clonidine concentration interacted with nicotine dependence (p?     

Holdup and extraction characteristics of jojoba meal

Holdup and drainage characteristics have been determined for three jojoba meals of different nature and size distribution, using hexane and isopropanol as solvents. Density and viscosity properties of the oil-solvent solutions have been measured. The experimental information should be of value in the design of solvent extraction equipment for jojoba nuts.     

Effects of coital stimulation upon behavior of the female rat.

Tested the importance of vagino-cervical stimulation during coitus in 2 experiments, using 16 intact and 48 ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats, in which intromission was prevented by a vaginal mask. The behavior of Ss was compared to that of unmasked females. Behavioral indices included lordosis quotient, a measure of sexual responsiveness, and rejection quotient, a measure of social response toward the males. The rating of lordosis intensity on a 3-point scale provided a mean lordosis intensity. Exp. I investigated long-term effects of coital stimulation by repeated testing of Ss in natural and hormone-induced heat. Coital stimulation generally decreased the probability of subsequent lordosis and increased display of rejection. Exp. II studied the short-term effects of coital stimulation using single 50-mount tests. Coital stimulation decreased intensity as well as probability of subsequent lordosis. (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological testing as a device to foster social mobility.

Psychological testing has been criticized as a device to maintain a racist society. A program is described in which testing was used instead to foster social mobility among economically disadvantaged children. 29 Mexican-American and 3 black high school students participated in a program to stimulate interest in health careers and were then given the SVIB and Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test. 2 highly related issues in the usage and interpretation of the test data are discussed: (a) results were not used to make administrative decisions involving the Ss, and (b) the S and his parents were considered the primary consumers of test results. Single and multiple family discussion of test results and their implications for career choice was the major intervention. The complexity of individual career choice in the context of family decision-making is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)