Delineating the scientific footprint in technology: Identifying scientific publications within non-patent references

Indicators based on non-patent references (NPRs) are increasingly being used for measuring and assessing science–technology interactions. But NPRs in patent documents contain noise, as not all of them can be considered ‘scientific’. In this article, we introduce the results of a machine-learning algorithm that allows identifying scientific references in an automated manner. Using the obtained results, we analyze indicators based on NPRs, with a focus on the difference between NPR- and scientific non-patent references-based indicators. Differences between both indicators are significant and dependent on the considered patent system, the applicant country and the technological domain. These results signal the relevancy of delineating scientific references when using NPRs to assess the occurrence and impact of science–technology interactions.     

Effect of Travel Speed and Beam Focus on Porosity in Alloy 690 Laser Welds

Advances in laser welding technology, including fiber optic delivery and high power density, are increasing the applicability of this joining technique. The inherent benefits of laser welding include small heat-affected zones, minimal distortion, and limited susceptibility to cracking. These advantages are of special interest to next-generation nuclear power systems where welding solute-rich alloys is expected to increase. Alloy 690 (A690) is an advanced corrosion-resistant structural material used in many replacement components and in construction of new commercial power plants. However, the application of A690 is hindered by its difficult weldability using conventional arc welding, and laser welding is a promising alternate. This work studies the effects of travel speed and beam focus on porosity formation in partial penetration, autogenous A690 laser welds. Porosity has been characterized by light optical microscopy and x-ray computed tomography to quantify its percent volume in the welds. This work describes the tradeoff between weld penetration and defect density as a function of beam defocus and travel speed. Additionally, the role of shield gas in porosity formation is discussed to provide a mitigation strategy for A690 laser welding. A process map is provided that shows the optimal combinations of travel speed and beam defocus to minimize porosity and maximize weld penetration at a laser power of 4?kW.     

印刷转型

印刷企业必须在业务能够转型之前先转型。我们需要放弃过去对自己的看法,开始重新认识自己在市场上的真正价值。     

A 50-year analysis of gender differences in United States authorship of original research articles in two major anesthesiology journals

Scientometrics - Underrepresentation of women in academic medicine is strongly linked to differences in men’s and women’s scholarship and has been shown to substantially reduce the...     

Anti-fouling surface modified stainless steel for food processing

Fouling on food contact surfaces (e.g. heat exchangers, work tables, conveyors) during food processing has a significant impact on operating efficiency and can promote biofilm development. Processing raw milk on plate heat exchangers results in significant fouling of proteins as well as minerals, and is exacerbated by the wall heating effect. The surface of 316L stainless steel heat exchanger plates was modified to resist fouling during food processing. An electroless nickel plating process was used to co-deposit fluorinated nanoparticles onto 316L stainless steel. The ability to resist fouling was demonstrated on a pilot plant scale plate heat exchanger. The fluorinated nanoparticle modified steel reduced surface energy from 41.4 to 24.7 mN/m, and reduced foulant accumulation by 97%. The anti-fouling coating was demonstrated to improve heat transfer efficiency. Repeatability studies were performed and confirmed that the EN-PTFE surface coating maintained its anti-fouling properties through 10 independent processing runs. Co-deposition of fluorinated particles during electroless nickel plating represents an effective and commercially scalable method to prepare anti-fouling coatings on stainless steel.     

Experimental study and numerical simulation of the vertical bounce of a polymer ball over a wide temperature range

The dependence to temperature of the rebound of a solid polymer ball on a rigid slab is investigated. An acrylate polymer ball is brought to a wide range of temperatures, covering its glass to rubbery transition, and let fall on a granite slab while the coefficient of restitution, duration of contact, and force history are measured experimentally. The ball fabrication is controlled in the lab, allowing the mechanical characterization of the material by classic dynamic mechanical analysis. Finite element simulations of the rebound at various temperatures are run, considering the material as viscoelastic and as satisfying a WLF equation for its time–temperature superposition property. A comparison between the experiments and the simulations shows the strong link between viscoelasticity and time–temperature superposition properties of the material and the bounce characteristics of the ball.     

Fuzzy Guided Autonomous Nursing Robot through Wireless Beacon Network

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Robotics is one of the most emerging technologies today, and are used in a variety of applications, ranging from complex rocket technology to monitoring of crops...     

Determination of key parameters responsible for polymeric liner collapse in hyperbaric type IV hydrogen storage vessels

Depressurization tests at a laboratory scale, coupled with numerical modelling, are used to determine the key parameters responsible for the polymeric liner collapse in hyperbaric type IV hydrogen storage vessels. X-ray tomography allows to determine the damages suffered by the sample during the depressurization step. Results show that the differential pressure induced during the depressurization step between the liner/composite interface and the free surface of the liner is the main factor responsible for the collapse of the liner. For a given temperature, this pressure gradient can be modified by changing the maximum H₂ pressure, the emptying rate or by adding a residual pressure plateau. Temperature is also of prime importance by influencing the yield point of the liner, the interface resistance and the amount of gas dissolved into the vessel. Thus, increasing temperature also increases the risk of liner collapse for the same gas exposure conditions.