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31.
Toshifumi Ohkubo Kenji Tanaka Terunao Hirota Hiroshi Hosaka Kiyoshi Itao Yoko Shinohara Hideo Maeda Kenji Kato Yasuyuki Mitsuoka Kunio Nakajima 《Microsystem Technologies》2005,11(8-10):1094-1101
Advances in the digital network society require both higher density and higher transfer rates in all sorts of storage systems. Especially in optical recording, the trend toward higher density and larger capacity requires novel surface-recording technologies that can drastically diminish head-to-medium spacing, resulting in an improvement in spatial resolution and, finally, a higher recording density. To this end, we have already proposed a novel contact optical head slider that is able to almost cancel the suspension load by generating hydrodynamic pressure, thus realizing a lower net contact force. Evaluating the dynamic contact force is requisite in realizing its stable sliding operation and higher signal readout performance. In this study, a continuous acoustic emission (AE) signal was utilized to detect the dynamic contact force. AE signal modulation was compared with the applied out-of-plane acceleration on a medium generated by a spindle combined piezo-electric actuator. It was clarified that the detected AE modulation amplitude was approximately proportional to the applied acceleration, and that utilizing AE modulation will be a useful method for evaluating dynamic contact force. 相似文献
32.
Toshiki Yamada Hidenori Shinohara Toshiya Kamikado Yoshishige Okuno Hitoshi Suzuki Shinro Mashiko Shiyoshi Yokoyama 《Thin solid films》2008,516(9):2522-2526
The spray-jet molecular beam apparatus enabled us to produce a molecular beam of non-volatile molecules under high vacuum from a sprayed mist of sample solutions. The apparatus has been used in spectroscopic studies and as a means of molecular beam deposition. We analyzed the molecular beam, consisting of non-volatile, solvent, and carrier-gas molecules, by using femtosecond- and nanosecond- laser mass spectroscopy. The information thus obtained provided insight into the molecular beam produced by the spray-jet technique. 相似文献
33.
Yasutaka Hayamizu Kyoji Yamamoto Shinichiro Yanase Toru Hyakutake Toru Shinohara Shinichi Morita 《热科学学报(英文版)》2008,17(3):193-198
An objective of the present paper is to experimentally clarify the torsion effect on the flow in helical circular pipes. We have made six helical circular pipes having different pitches and common non-dimensional curvature δ of about 0.1. The torsion parameter β0, which is defined by β0 = τ/(2δ)1/2 with non-dimensional torsion r, are taken to be 0.02, 0.45, 0.69, 1.01, 1.38 and 1.89 covering from small to very large pitch. The velocity distributions and the turbulence of the flow are measured using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in the range of the Reynolds number from 200 to 20000. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The mean secondary flow pattern in a cross section of the pipe changes from an ordinary twin-vortex type as is seen in a curved pipe without torsion (toroidal pipe) to a single vortex type after one of the twin-vortex gradually disappears as β0 increases. The circulation direction of the single vortex is the same as the direction of torsion of the pipe. The mean velocity distribution of the axial flow is similar to that of the toroidal pipe at small β0, but changes its shape as β0 increases, and attains the shape similar to that in a straight circular pipe when ,β0 = 1.89. It is also found that the critical Reynolds number, at which the flow shows a marginal behavior to turbulence, decreases as ,β0 increases for small ,β0, and then increases after taking a minimum at ,β0 ≈ 1.4 as ,β0 increases. The minimum of the critical Reynolds number experimentally obtained is about 400 at ,β0 ≈ 1.4. 相似文献
34.
35.
Mutational analysis of structure--activity relationships in human tumor necrosis factor-alpha 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yamagishi Jun-ichi; Kawashima Hitoshi; Matsuo Noriyuki; Ohue Mayumi; Yamayoshi Michiko; Fukui Toshikazu; Kotani Hirotada; Furuta Ryuji; Nakano Katsuji; Yamada Masaaki 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1990,3(8):713-719
To determine the region of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-), essential for cytotoxic activity against mouse L-M cells,single amino-acid-substituted TNF- mutant proteins (muteins)were produced in Escherichia coli by protein engineering techniques.An expression plasmid for TNF- was mutagenized by passage throughan E.coli mutD5 mutator strain and by oligonucleotide-directedmutagenesis. Approximately 100 single amino-acid-substitutedTNF- muteins were produced and assayed for cytotoxic activity.The cytotoxic activities of purified TNF- muteins, e.g. TNF-31T,-32Y, -82D, -85H, -115L, -141Y, -144K and -146E, were < 1%of that of parent TNF-. These results indicate that the integrityof at least four distinct regions of the TNF- molecule is requiredfor full biological activity. These regions are designated asfollows: region I, from position 30 to 32; region II, from position82 to 89; region III, from position 115 to 117; region FV, fromposition 141 to 146. In addition, TNF-141Y could not completelycompete with parent TNF- for binding to the receptor. This demonstratesthat region IV, and at least aspartk acid at position 141, mustbe involved in the TNF receptor binding site. 相似文献
36.
37.
H Shinohara A Nishikado T Wakatsuki K Sakabe S Ito 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,39(3):363-373
This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of nicorandil on electrophysiological changes during acute ischemia and following reperfusion. We prepared an acute ischemic heart model by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 27 dogs. After 10 minutes, reperfusion was performed. The changes in ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and intramyocardial conduction time (ICT) were compared between the nicorandil group (n = 12) which received nicorandil intravenously before the coronary ligation and the control group (n = 15). In the control group, the ERP was shortened during ischemia, and rapidly shortened immediately after reperfusion, but was slightly prolonged 10 minutes after reperfusion. The ICT was prolonged during ischemia, but returned to the pre-ischemia value after reperfusion. In the nicorandil group, the changes in ERP and ICT were significantly inhibited compared to those in the control group. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion was 42% in the control group. However, there was no VF during reperfusion in the nicorandil group. Therefore, nicorandil may correct both the delayed conduction and the uneven ventricular effective refractory period detected during acute ischemia and following reperfusion, inhibiting the development of ventricular arrhythmia during reperfusion. 相似文献
38.
39.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are disorders that are common and disturbing to uremic patients. The treatment of these is problematic. Eight patients on chronic hemodialysis and continuous peritoneal dialysis completed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study using incremental doses of pergolide up to 0.25 mg at bedtime for treatment of RLS and sleep disruption. Five patients (62.5%) noted subjective improvement in restless legs symptoms and sleep quality. Objective results were improved only slightly by treatment. The percentage of the first hour in bed during which leg movements occurred decreased from 20.5 +/- 6.0 to 11.5 +/- 3.3, p < 0.05. However, findings during sleep were less positive. The following measures were not significant between placebo and treatment: leg movements per hour of sleep [53.7 +/- 22.3 vs 35.8 +/- 11.8 (p = 0.2)]; and percentage of sleep time spent with leg movements [5.5% +/- 3.2 vs 4.4% +/- 1.4 (p = 0.37)]. Patients continued to have very disrupted sleep, and we could not document an objective improvement in sleep architecture. Thus, although pergolide at the dose of 0.25 mg at bedtime provided subjective improvement in symptoms of restless legs and quality of sleep, and objectively decreased leg movements during the first hour in bed, objectively sleep continued to be disrupted. In this small patient group, the response to pergolide was not uniform, and further investigation is required to test effectiveness at higher doses. 相似文献
40.
Yu Yan Jiang Eiji Yanai Kazumi Nishimura Huilai Zhang Nobuyuki Abe Masahiko Shinohara Kaoru Wakatsuki 《Fire Safety Journal》2010
Research and development of firefighters’ protective clothing relies on a large number of fire disaster experiments in order to assess the thermal performance. It would be substantially advantageous to substitute a virtual numerical experiment for a real one in terms of time, cost and safety. The present article reports the development of an integrated numerical simulator that makes possible the estimation of burn injuries originating from fire disasters. In the simulator, a general-purpose computational fluid dynamics program computes the fluid flow and heat transfer in an in situ fire event, while a one-dimensional program calculates the radiative–conductive heat transfer through the clothing and human skin. A data interface combines the two simulations by loose coupling so as to give the real-time burn injury progress output. The predicted surface heat fluxes and burn degrees agree with experimental measurements reasonably well. Possible numerical error sources are discussed that call for potential improvements in the future. 相似文献