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991.
Concentrations and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soils from Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Im SH Kannan K Giesy JP Matsuda M Wakimoto T 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(17):3700-3705
Soil samples were collected from Changwon and Masan Cities, Korea, and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs). Nearly all tetra- through octachlorinated PCDDs/DFs including the 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/DFs were detected in all samples. Total concentrations of PCDDs/DFs and of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TeCDD) equivalents (TEGs) in soils ranged from 35 to 121,400 pg/g, dry weight, and from 0.2 to 3720 pg of I-TEQ/g, respectively. On the basis of guidelines for TEQ concentrations established in Germany and the United States, 9 of 23 soil samples (39% of the total samples analyzed) could not be expected to pose human health hazards. The rest of 61% of soils need measures such as investigations of source identification, soil decontamination, and/or soil removal. Total concentrations of PCDDs/DFs were greater at or near four industrial sites, which are concerned with the steel industry, petrochemical-related industry, and industrial waste incineration, than other areas. This indicates the presence of potential source areas. Soil collected from a site 50 m from an open-burning industrial waste incinerator in an industrial complex was heavily contaminated, containing a total concentration of PCDDs/DFs of 121,400 pg/g, dry weight. PCDDs/DFs were also detected in soils from the top of a 200 m mountain indicating a wide dispersal of PCDDs/DFs by atmospheric transport from point source areas. The congener pattern and relative proportions of PCDFs in soils suggest that commercial PCB preparations such as Kanechlors may be one of the sources. The wide range of PCDD/DF isomers detected in soils from many locations also suggests a multitude of sources, in addition to commercial PCBs, such as incineration of industrial wastes such as car tires, scrap wires, plastics, papers, and emission of automobile exhaust. 相似文献
992.
Polycondensation of perfluorobiphenyl with α,α‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylbenzene and/or 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene was investigated. The polycondensation of perfluorobiphenyl with α,α‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylbenzene and/or 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene proceeded at low‐temperature to a give high‐molecular weight and thermal stable polymers. The 19F‐NMR spectra of the polymers indicate that the polymers consists of predominantly 1,4‐phenylene structure with respect to the perfluoro‐aromatic compound. The sulfonation of the polymers obtained from the polycondensation occurred at the phenyl groups and fluorenyl side chain. A tough and smooth film was prepared by a casting method from DMF solution of the sulfonated polymer. The films showed hydrolytic and oxidative stabilities, and a high‐proton conductivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
993.
In comparison with the liquefaction (420 °C, with tetralin and elemental sulfur) of the proton-exchanged Adaro subbituminous coal with complex (metallocene or metal carbonyl) of cobalt, nickel or iron, the coal liquefaction was enhanced significantly on the liquefaction of cation (Co2+, Ni2+ or Fe2+) exchanged Adaro coal. However, for several kinds of subbituminous coal, metal cations hardly exchange due to the small content of carboxyl group in coal. Therefore, the simultaneous liquefaction of subbituminous coal and cobalt-exchanged coal were carried out in this study. Further, the simultaneous liquefaction of lower rank and subbituminous coals with Co2(CO)8 was carried out to compare the catalytic effect of cobalt derived from either the exchanged coal or Co2(CO)8. The catalytic effect of cobalt in the exchanged Morwell brown coal was appeared as the decrease of residue yield on the liquefaction with Yilan subbituminous coal. On the other hand, there was little enhancement on the simultaneous liquefaction of cobalt-exchanged Adaro and Yilan subbituminous coals. Accordingly, it is clarified that the hydroliquefaction of subbituminous coal, which was exchanged cation hardly, was enhanced by the addition of cobalt-exchanged brown coal. 相似文献
994.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Aluminum Silicon Carbide Using Ultrafine Aluminum Carbide and Silicon Carbide Powders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Minoru Hasegawa Kiyoshi Itatani Mamoru Aizawa F. Scott Howell Akira Kishioka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(1):275-278
The conditions for preparing α-aluminum silicon carbide (α-Al4 SiC4 ) were examined by heating stoichiometric mixtures of ultrafine A14 C3 and SiC powders with sizes of <0.1 μm at and below 1600°C. The starting A14 C3 powder was obtained by the pyrolysis of trimiethylaluminum; the starting SiC powders were obtained by the pyrolyses of triethylsilane (3ES), tetraethylsilane (4ES), and hexamethyldisilane (6MDS). The reactivity of SiC with Al4 C3 to form α-Al4 SiC4 varies according to the kind of starting alkylsilane: 3ES > 4ES > 6MDS. The reaction of 3ES-derived SiC with A14 C3 produced α-Al4 SiC4 at temperatures as low as 1400°C for 240 min, regardless of the presence of A14 C3 (trace). Only α-Al4 SiC4 was formed at and above 1500°C for 60 min; the crystal growth was appreciable. 相似文献
995.
Kiyoshi Okada Akiyoshi Hattori Taketoshi Taniguchi Akihiko Nukui Rathindra Nath Das 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(4):928-932
The effect on the γ-Al2 O3 -to-α-Al2 O3 phase transition of adding divalent cations was investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and surface-area measurements. The cations, Cu2+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Ni2+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , Sr2+ , and Ba2+ , were added by impregnation, using the appropriate nitrate solution. These additives were classified into three groups, according to their effect: (1) those with an accelerating effect (Cu2+ and Mn2+ ), (2) those with little or no effect (Co2+ , Ni2+ , and Mg2+ ), and (3) those with a retarding effect (Ca2+ , Sr2+ , and Ba2+ ). The crystalline phase formed by reaction of the additive with γ-Al2 O3 at high temperature was a spinel-type structure in groups (1) and (2) and a magnetoplumbite-type structure in group (3). In groups (2) and (3), a clear relationship was found between the transition temperature and the difference in ionic radius of Al3+ and the additive (Δ r ): The transition temperature increased as Δ r increased. This result indicates that additives with larger ionic radii are more effective in suppressing the diffusion of Al3+ and O2− in γ-Al2 O3 , suppressing the grain growth of γ-Al2 O3 , and retarding the transformation into α-Al2 O3 . 相似文献
996.
Masahiko Suzuki Kiyoshi Kawaguchi Hajime Sugito Shigeru Kadota Shigefumi Nishio 《亚洲传热研究》1999,28(8):627-639
In a compact closed two-phase thermosyphon which consists of a multitube radiator and a refrigerant bath, it is observed that the heat radiation performance drops as the refrigerant bath becomes thin. We have found that this is due to vapor–liquid interaction and dryness in the upper side of the boiling area. We have also improved that heat radiation performance with a new refrigerant flow controller. ©1999 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(8): 627–639, 1999 相似文献
997.
998.
Hidehiro Ogata Futoshi Aranishi Kenji Hara Kiyoshi Osatomi Tadashi Ishihara 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1998,76(4):499-504
Carp cathepsin L, which is the best candidate to produce textural change in the arai-treated carp fillet, exhibited maximum hydrolytic activity for Z-Phe-Arg-MCA and soluble casein at pH 5·0–5·5. The proteolytic action of the enzyme was evaluated by complete degradation of various carp myofibrils at pH 5·0 over 30 min and by potent degradation of the same proteins at pH 5·5–6·0 over 20 h. All myofibrillar components were partially degraded by the enzyme at pH 6·5–7·0, but varying amounts of them remained undegraded after 20 h. These findings indicate that carp cathepsin L degrades not only carp myofibrillar components but also their resultant products between pH 5·0 and 7·0 and that it markedly acts on myosin heavy chain, α-actinin and troponin-T and -I. Carp cathepsin L likely contributes to postmortem muscle tenderisation of carp fillet over an extensive pH range during storage. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
999.
Masataka Nakahira Yasuhiro Matsumoto Satoshi Kakudate Nobukazu Takeda Kiyoshi Shibanuma Alessandro Tesini 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1394-1398
The ITER blanket (BL) is composed of about 400 modules in the vacuum vessel (VV). The BL has to be maintained by remote handling means due to high radiation levels in the VV after D-T operation. The remote handling (RH) equipment for BL maintenance consists of articulated rail, supports, a rail-mounted vehicle, a telescopic arm, an end-effecter, tools and related systems such as transfer casks and umbilical system.Towards the construction, the BL RH equipment design has been improved and developed in more detail, based on the 2001 FDR design. The overview of design results is introduced in this paper. The design of rail deployment system of the BL RH has been updated to enable the rail connection in the transfer cask in order to minimize occupation space at storage area. For this purpose, design work has been performed for concept, sequence and typical simulation of BL replacement in the VV and rail deployment/storage of the RH equipment in the cask, including cask docking. In particular, the technical issues of the rail connection in the cask are (1) tight tolerance of a pin at a hinge, (2) limited space for the connection inside a cask and (3) tight positioning accuracy. This paper summarizes the idea to solve these issues and the results of the design work. The paper also introduces new cable handling equipment, rail support equipment and BL module transporter. 相似文献
1000.
Masahiro Takasaki Naoki Gibo Kiyoshi Takenaka Toshiyuki Hayashi Hiroo Konishi Seiji Tanaka Hidetoshi Ito 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2000,132(2):6-18
For extending self‐commutated converter application to future trunk power systems, it is important to develop a stable operation scheme as well as to realize substantial cost reduction through coordinated system and control design. Suppression controls of converter overcurrent and dc overvoltage in various system fault conditions are essential in order to ensure stable operation and cost reduction of HVDC systems with voltage source type self‐commutated converters. Converter control and protection schemes which include such suppression controls have been developed, employing CRIEPI's ac/dc Power System Simulator test and EMTP analysis. This paper first discusses the cause of converter overcurrent at ac system faults, considering the effect of PWM pulse number and converter control speed. Continued operation has been achieved by adding a new overcurrent suppression scheme to the converter control. In the case of a dc line grounding fault, the selection of the grounding circuit constant and the adoption of a high‐speed converter control practically ensure the reduction of dc overvoltage while suppressing converter overcurrent. The converter block and restart sequence after a dc fault, which is coordinated with dc circuit breaker operation, enables stable recovery of HVDC transmission as fast as the usual line‐commutated HVDC system. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 132(2): 6–18, 2000 相似文献