带式输送机回程空段双向清扫器研究与设计

针对北方某燃煤发电厂输煤系统带式输送机工作表面粘煤和结冰问题,设计了一种带式输送机回程双向空段清扫器.该双向清扫器由刮扫部分和双向转换部分组成.刮扫部分的多个刮刀单元在刮刀安装板上错落排布,形成一个垂直于输送胶带运行方向的完整刮扫面;为降低相邻刮刀之间的物料漏扫率,其横向装配尺寸小于刮刀片宽度.清扫器双向转换部分由四连杆机构实现,通过设定驱动电机转动合适的角度,可以保证清扫器刮扫单元移动到目标位置,从而实现正反向清扫状态的转换.本装置结构精简、加工方便、易于安装,很好地保证胶带输送机的正常运行.     

超导故障限流器抑制短路电流直流分量的仿真分析

短路电流中的周期分量和直流分量对系统短路容量都有贡献,而后者在工程应用中没有引起足够的重视.目前我国宁夏、上海、广州等电网普遍面临短路电流直流分量超标,系统保护装置难以可靠清除故障的状况,严重威胁电力系统的安全可靠性.基于此,本文提出使用超导故障限流器在限制短路电流幅值的同时,抑制短路电流直流分量的方法,缓解断路器的开断负担.目前超导限流器对短路电流直流分量的抑制效果及在高直流分量系统超导限流器的设计方法尚不清楚.因此,搭建了超导故障限流器模型,以330 kV系统为例,研究了不同直流分量时间常数下超导限流器阻值与直流分量的关系,提出了超导故障限流器失超阻值的优化设计方法.结果表明在不同的短路故障条件下,超导限流器对直流分量的抑制效果均非常明显,能有效提高系统的可靠性.     

The dynamic evolution of aggregated lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries

Lithium (Li) metal anodes promise an ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low redox potential,thus being the critical energy material for next-generation batteries.Unfortunately,the formation of Li den-drites in Li metal anodes remarkably hinders the practical applications of Li metal anodes.Herein,the dynamic evolution of discrete Li dendrites and aggregated Li dendrites with increasing current densities is visualized by in-situ optical microscopy in conjunction with ex-situ scanning electron microscopy.As revealed by the phase field simulations,the formation of aggregated Li dendrites under high current den-sity is attributed to the locally concentrated electric field rather than the depletion of Li ions.More specif-ically,the locally concentrated electric field stems from the spatial inhomogeneity on the Li metal surface and will be further enhanced with increasing current densities.Adjusting the above two factors with the help of the constructed phase field model is able to regulate the electrodeposited morphology from aggregated Li dendrites to discrete Li dendrites,and ultimately columnar Li morphology.The methodol-ogy and mechanistic understanding established herein give a significant step toward the practical appli-cations of Li metal anodes.     

多端直流功率协调控制与多端直流运行方式转换的配合分析

为研究多端直流功率协调控制策略在多端直流工程实际应用中的可靠性和稳定性,结合国内某三端直流工程阐述了典型多端直流运行方式的转换逻辑(即极退出逻辑)及二送一模式多端直流功率协调控制策略,通过分析该直流运行方式转换过程中出现的一起功率损失事件验证功率协调策略,并针对其不足提出了改进建议,为今后的三端直流工程设计与运行维护提供参考依据.     

基于LSTM的电力暂态稳定在线评估及预测研究

电网规模的扩大使得电力系统运行状态变得更加复杂,对电网安全稳定运行提出了更高要求。提出了基于深度学习中长短时记忆（long-and-short term memory,LSTM）的电力暂态稳定在线评估模型。该模型通过获取全网各节点电压、电流、功率等电气量,实时计算得到电网失稳可能性评分,并在新英格兰10机39线系统上对该模型进行测试与优化。实验结果表明,该模型能通过实时运算得到电网稳定性的评估及预警,具有准确性高、预警能力强、支持在线监测的特点。     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.     

Excellent Polyimide Dielectrics Containing Conjugated ACAT for High-Temperature Polymer Film Capacitor

In order to meet the requirements of polymer dielectric materials for high thermal stability and excellent dielectric properties in the application of high-temperature film capacitors, a series of polyimide (PI) films are fabricated by introducing a self-synthesized aniline trimer (ACAT) with a conjugated structure in this work. Since the conjugated ACAT in the main chains of PI improves the electron polarization and carrier mobility of the PI molecular chains, the dielectric constant of the ACAT-PI films is greatly enhanced (4.4–7.4). Meanwhile, the dissipation factor does not increase apparently (0.002–0.013). The dielectric properties are stable even when the temperature is up to 200 °C, the thermal degradation temperature is as high as 450 °C, and the mechanical properties are also excellent (70–105 MPa). Among all the films, the PI film with 5 mol% ACAT exhibits the maximal energy density of 3.6 J cm⁻³ under the field of 426 kV mm⁻¹, the high tensile strength (90 MPa) and the excellent thermal stability (T_d5 = 515 °C). The work paves the way to prepare high-temperature polymer dielectric film materials with high energy storage density.     

Preparation and mechanical characteristics of fine-woven cloth and punctured felt preform Cf/C-SiC-ZrC composite

A 3D architecture carbon fiber preform, specifically fine-woven cloth and punctured felt preform, is used to manufacture a novel advanced C_f/C-SiC-ZrC composite. The composite matrix is produced by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) plus precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process and finalized by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC coating to make the final density of the material reach 1.95 g/cm³. The organic precursors of SiC and ZrC have a weight ratio of 4:1 in a xylene solute. The composite mechanical properties, such as tensile, compression, bending, shear, and Z-direction load bearing, are introduced under analysis to find possible applications for the composite. What is more, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are employed to illustrate the failure behavior of the ceramic composite. The results showed that the punctured filament tows will be beneficial, not only for the composite to withstand compression force up to 308.6 MPa and shear strength to 18.14 MPa but also for the alternatively stacked weave piles and short fiber layers to support the punctured bundles, as well as to hold the composite structure under mechanical forces from different orientations, which is believed to reinforce the ceramic matrix for some high pressure and severe ablation applications.     

充填型单缝煤岩水力脉动解堵试验研究

利用室内自行研制的可调频脉动水力压裂系统及预制充填型单缝的煤岩,开展不同频率条件下水力脉动解堵试验,研究脉动作用下解堵水压演化过程和解堵效果。试验结果表明,水力脉动解堵压力演化过程可分为三个阶段:压力上升阶段、压力下降阶段和压力波动稳定阶段。在疲劳损伤和脉动波的双重作用下,脉动作用下的煤岩解堵表现出解堵压力阀值比定常流作用下更低、压降持续时间更短、压降幅值更小的特点。定常流作用下煤粉运移集中在压力下降阶段;脉动压力作用下煤粉在压力下降阶段和压力波动稳定阶段均有运移,且压力下降时间与运移煤粉总量成正相关关系,但煤粉总的运移量和定常流作用下的相当。脉动作用和定常流作用下径向渗透主要发生在压力上升至压力峰值阶段,但脉动流的解堵时间短,则滤液渗透半径小对储层的伤害小。综合考虑解堵压力、煤粉运移、解堵渗透路径和解堵渗流深度,特别是解堵压力和解堵渗流深度作为主要评价因素,在3 Hz条件下解堵效果最好,其具有较低的解堵压力和最小的解堵渗流深度。      

稀土锆酸盐的制备和热膨胀性能

采用固相反应法制备了稀土锆酸盐材料.通过XRD图谱和SEM对材料的显微结构进行分析,并测试了不同温度下材料的热膨胀系数.结果表明稀土锆酸盐材料的热膨胀系数大约为11×10-6/℃,其值随着温度的升高而升高,升高的速率逐渐减小.随着原子序数的增大,热膨胀系数是逐渐减小的,这说明稀土锆酸盐材料的热稳定性是随着原子序数的增大逐渐增强的.