基于综合用电煤耗的电力高质量发展评价指标研究及应用

煤电平均供电煤耗作为评价能源系统效率的指标已在行业内广泛应用。但该项指标无法很好地反映一个国家、地区的用电结构与用电能耗水平。为此，参照行业内普遍采用的火电厂发电煤耗和供电煤耗指标，定义“综合用电煤耗”，即用户每用1 kW?h电“消耗”的标准煤量（单位:g/(kW?h)）。在此基础上，提出“综合发电煤耗”与“综合供电煤耗”的概念，形成完整的指标评价体系。对近年典型省份指标值的研究表明，该指标体系能够很好地反映供给侧国家、省区或企业的发电结构与电能生产能耗水平。这一指标体系能够为正确理解和计算用电、输电与电能替代项目的化石能源消耗量及其排放量提供依据。     

Functions of ULK1 in autophagy and non-autophagy pathways and its implications in human physiology and disease

ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), a mammalian serine/threonine kinase, is a key component of autophagy initiation complex and helps to induce all types of autophagy. Canonical autophagy is a process in which, through the interactions of a series of autophagy-related proteins, damaged organelles or misfolded proteins are engulfed by autophagosomes and then merged with lysosomes to be degraded. Thus, canonical autophagy is an important constituent part of the cellular “quality control.” Besides, accumulating evidence indicates that ULK1 exerts autophagy-independent effects in a cell-specific manner. For example, ULK1 facilitates neurite elongation through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi trafficking in neurons, stimulates phosphopentose pathway to help NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen) production, and acts as a duplex regulator in type I IFN (type I interferon) induced innate immune response. Considering the importance and diversity of ULK1 in various biological processes, this review aims to present a comprehensive overview of autophagy and non-autophagy related functions of ULK1 in a variety of human physiological, pathological, and disease processes.     

新型计量斗在锰粉料制块配料中的改进应用

锰粉料制块是解决铁合金冶炼精料入炉的主要途径之一,生产过程中为解决锰粉料粘附计量斗的问题,介绍了一种新型计量斗,阐述他的结构特点和工作原理,实施改进后下料流畅,降低了劳动强度,提高了生产效率。     

A novel bio‐based phthalonitrile resin derived from catechin: synthesis and comparison of curing behavior with petroleum‐based counterpart

The development of bio‐based thermosetting resins with good thermal stability can potentially afford sustainable polymers as replacements for petroleum‐based polymers. We report a practical route to a novel catechin‐based phthalonitrile resin precursor (CA‐Ph), which contains free phenolic hydroxyl groups that result in ‘self‐curing’ at elevated temperatures to afford a thermostable polymer. Comparison of the performance of this CA‐Ph resin with that of a conventional petroleum‐based bisphenol A phthalonitrile resin (BPA‐Ph; containing 5 wt% of the curing agent 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone) revealed that CA‐Ph exhibits a lower melting point and curing temperature. Cured CA‐Ph resin retains 95% of its weight at 520 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, which compares favorably with results obtained for BPA‐Ph resin that retains 95% of its weight at a lower temperature of 484 °C. Kinetic results indicated that the curing reactions of both CA‐Ph and BPA‐Ph systems follow an autocatalytic mechanism. These results suggest that catechin is a useful bio‐based feedstock for the preparation of self‐curing and thermally stable phthalonitrile resins for advanced technological applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

畜禽骨蛋白质材料化利用的研究现状与发展趋势分析

作为畜禽屠宰的副产物,动物骨因其丰富的蛋白质和广阔的深加工利用的发展前景而成为当今环境、农业和能源等领域的研究热点.受自身骨骼结构和综合利用技术的制约,骨骼的深加工利用率不足2％,造成了严重的资源浪费与环境污染.蛋白水解作为蛋白质资源深加工领域最有效的技术手段,可实现大宗蛋白质资源的高效回收利用;而蛋白水解物优异的溶解性、可降解性、生物相容性和独特的生物功能活性使其具有开发高值材料的潜力.随着石化资源的短缺和人们健康环保意识的增强,人们对环保型可再生型新材料的需求逐渐迫切,而畜禽骨蛋白质材料的开发利用紧密结合国家新型战略产业——生物制造业,将促进农副产品加工业的持续健康发展.针对畜禽骨蛋白质材料化开发利用的发展历程及当前的研究热点,本文阐述了絮凝剂、粘结剂、可降解塑料、表面活性剂、医用材料等近年来研究较广的畜禽骨蛋白质材料化利用途径,并总结了各种利用途径的应用效果和局限性;同时,总结分析了现今利用蛋白水解物开发新型材料的相关理论及研究成果,为开发畜禽骨蛋白质材料提供了理论支持;最后,基于目前生物基材料的发展趋势及畜禽骨深加工技术的难点问题,客观展望了畜禽骨蛋白质材料的制备及应用发展方向.     

基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法

提出了一种基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法。该方法将天线阵列进行分组,利用每种分组在三种配相下的阵面合成场幅度测量值,可解算出各个天线单元的初始幅相值。该方法仅需幅度测量,避免了相位测量误差影响单元幅相值的计算精度,而且所需幅度测量次数仅为(2N+1)次,可显著提高校准时效性。另外,利用分组思想,同时改变多个单元相位,使总辐射场的幅度变化显著,提升校准准确性。仿真结果表明:校准后相位均方根误差为2.2°,幅度均方根误差为0.2 dB。     

Modeling Impact of ROADM Intra-Node Add/Drop Contention on a Single Node Lightpath Blocking Performance

We propose an analytical model to evaluate the lightpath blocking performance for a single ROADM node with intra-node add/drop contention,in which the number of lightpaths that can be added/dropped with the same wavelength is limited by the add/drop contention factor.Different models of traffic load per nodal degree are considered to validate the effectiveness of the analytical model.The simulation results show that the proposed analytical model is effective in predicting the performance for different values of add/drop contention factor C and for variable offered loads at the node.The add/drop contention factor shows an important impact on the lightpath blocking performance and properly raising the contention factor can significantly improve the lightpath blocking performance.When the add/drop contention factor C exceeds a certain level,the performance of a ROADM with intra-node contention is close to that of a contentionless ROADM.     

Preparation and Properties of a New Mediumdensity and High-strength Ceramic Proppant

Based on the needs of the market,a new 52 MPa medium-density and high-strength ceramic proppant was prepared by adopting third grade bauxite and clay as raw materials and using the solid phase sintering method,and the effect of the firing temperature on the microstructure,phase composition and mechanical properties of the ceramic proppant was studied. The broken resistance mechanism of this ceramic proppant was also discussed. The results show that the main phases of the prepared ceramic proppant are mullite and corundum; the broken rates are 3. 92% and 7. 21% under 52 MPa and69 MPa,respectively.     

胸腺五肽辅助治疗肺癌对免疫功能影响及其疗效的系统评价

为了系统地评价胸腺五肽作为辅助药物治疗各种肺癌的疗效及其对机体免疫功能的影响，利用电子检索收集有关胸腺五肽联合放疗或化疗方案治疗肺癌的临床随机对照试验文献，对符合纳入标准的文献，采用RevMan5.3 软件进行系统评价。最终共纳入文献 9 篇，总样本量 784 例。Meta 分析结果表明，胸腺五肽作为辅助药物治疗各种肺癌提高总有效率的差异无统计学意义[OR ＝ 1.44, 95%CI(0.99, 2.10), P ＝0.06 ＞ 0.05]。在对免疫功能的影响方面，胸腺五肽的使用显著增高外周血中的 CD3+ 细胞水平[OR ＝ 5.88, 95% CI(2.34, 9.42), P ＝0.001]，CD4+ 细胞水平也显著上升[OR ＝8.32, 95%CI(5.22, 11.42), P ＜ 0.00001] , CD4＋ /CD8＋比值也有明显的提高[OR ＝ 0.38, 95% CI(0.18, 0.59), P＝0.0002]，但 CD8+ 细胞水平的差异无统计学意义[OR ＝－3.12, 95% CI ( －9.02, 2.79), P ＞0.05]。总的来说，本研究在一定程度上反映了在辅助治疗肺癌方面，胸腺五肽能显著提高外周血中的 CD3+ 细胞水平、CD4+ 细胞水平、CD4+/CD8+ 比值。而对于治疗的有效率、CD8+ 细胞水平，差异无统计学意义。