Psychology’s role in mathematics and science education.

Improving mathematics and science education in the United States has been a matter of national concern for over half a century. Psychology has a vital role to play in this enterprise. In this article, the authors review the kinds of contributions that psychology can make in four areas: (a) early understanding of mathematics, (b) understanding of science, (c) social and motivational aspects of involvement in mathematics and science, and (d) assessment of learning in mathematics and science. They also examine challenges to psychology’s playing a central and constructive role and make recommendations for overcoming those challenges. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The idealized self and the situated self as predictors of employee work behaviors.

This article presents a model integrating research on idealized and situated selves. Our key premise is that identity-relevant behaviors are most likely to occur in the workplace when identities are psychologically central and activating forces make those identities salient. Analysis of matched data from 278 employees, supervisors, and organizational records generally supported our model. Helping identity and industrious work identity were positively associated with related role behaviors only when time-based occupancy in the role of organization member was high. Industrious work identity was positively associated with role behaviors only when reflected appraisals from coworkers were consistent with that identity. In contrast, reflected appraisal of helping identity had an independent relationship with identity-relevant role behaviors. Results demonstrate the importance of theory linking the idealized self and the situated self to understanding identity relations with work performances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of parental traumatic brain injury on the behaviour of parents and children

Little is known about the effects of a parent's brain injury and subsequent disabilities on the children in the family. This study examines 24 families in which one parent is brain injured. In each family the children were born before the parent's injury and still lived at home at the time of interview. Reports of the uninjured parent indicate that most of the children experienced some degree of negative behavioural change after the parent's injury. In 10 of the families, significant and problematic changes occurred. Types of problems included poor relationship with the injured parent, acting-out behaviour and emotional problems. Correlates of poor outcomes for the children were: (1) injured parent's gender, (2) compromised parenting performance of the injured parent, (3) compromised parenting performance of the uninjured parent and (4) depression in the uninjured parent. This study points to the importance of recognizing traumatic brain injury as a major family stressor.     

Admissions testing on trial.

Criticisms of test use in educational admissions decisions frequently stem from fundamental disagreements about underlying values but may still be couched in test-specific technical terms. A. Nairn's (1980) claims regarding predictive validity are discussed, and the erroneous and misleading nature of these claims is demonstrated. The alternative of relying on previous grades alone rather than in combination with tests for purposes of admissions is reviewed. Criticisms of tests based on issues of bias, coachability, and secrecy are discussed and evaluated. (63 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Locus of control in childhood hyperactivity.

Compared to 16 8–12 yr old normal males, 16 age-matched hyperactive males were more external as determined by scores on the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale. The measurement of locus of control in a hyperactive population provides useful information about how hyperactive children compare to others in their expectancies concerning the link between environmental stimuli and their consequences. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

市售普洱茶中真菌群落构成和物种多样性分析方法研究

目的 综合应用传统分离培养、内部转录间隔区(ITS)测序和高通量基因组学测序技术,建立分析市售普洱茶中真菌群落构成和物种多样性的新方法.方法 按照GB 4789.15-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验霉菌和酵母计数》对普洱茶样本进行可培养真菌检测和分离纯化,对分离到的菌株进行ITS测序并在NCBI数据库中进行...     

基于双匹配配准算法的多重复纹理图像拼接

针对目前图像配准算法对于多重复纹理图像配准位置偏差的问题,提出图像内自匹配与图像间互匹配相结合的双匹配配准(Double-match image registration,DMIR)算法.首先在对待匹配图像提取尺度不变特征转换(Scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)特征之后,通过...     

食用农产品中产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌污染与家庭厨房食物安全现状分析及防控措施

本文通过对食用农产品中产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌(STEC)来源与传播途径分析,阐述了STEC污染与家庭厨房食物安全之间的关系,并对当前世界各国食品中STEC的监管情况进行阐述,从而提出我国控制食用农产品中STEC进入家庭厨房的解决方案。