玻璃炭球的二步活化法——一种高活化收率的途径

以玻璃炭球为原料,采用在干燥空气流中500℃高温热处理3h(第一步活化处理),而后在415℃低温处理不同时间(第二步活化处理)的两步活化法制取了一系列活性炭球。依据77KN2吸/脱附等温线,应用BET、αs-plot和BJH法测定了所得活性炭球的孔结构。结果表明:第一步活化处理后,在炭球表面生成少量大孔(中孔甚至大孔),这些大孔是第二步活化时活化气体(空气)的扩散入口,使得第二步活化处理时微孔的生成量增加。由此可以认为这种二步活化法是获得高收率的较高比面积和微孔容积活性炭的一种有效途径。     

屈强比对高强钢断裂韧性的影响

通过控制组织形态，对化学尬发相同，屈强比不同的两种钢材进行三点弯曲ＣＴＯＤ试验，并利用三维有限元法分析裂纹法端的应力应变分布。结果表明，高屈强比的材料，由于裂纹尖端应力水平高，脆性启裂ＣＴＯＤ值δｃ明显低于低屈强比的材料；而对有延性裂纹扩展的ＣＴＯＤ临界值δｕ和δｍ，高屈强比的材料同于低屈强比双相钢，这是因为低屈强比材料内部存在微观组织非均质，有应变集中所致。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEXTURE AND PECTIN CONSTITUENTS OF JAPANESE PEAR

The relationship between texture and pectin constituents and some related compounds of the Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Render var. culta 'Housui') during fruit enlargement and ripening was studied. The modulus of elasticity, deformation ratio, and relaxation value from the flat plate compression test, and all the properties from the puncture test were affected by the pectin constituents, alcohol insoluble solids, and soluble solids. The hardness and deformation of the fruit obtained from the plate compression test might depend on the combination of the alcohol insoluble solids in fresh weight and weight of the fruit. The oxalate soluble pectin both in alcohol insoluble solids and in fresh weight affected the fruit texture more than the water soluble pectin. The solubitization of nonsoluble pectin to water soluble pectin appeared to influence the textural properties more than that of the nonsoluble pectin to oxalate soluble pectin. The puncture test was superior in analyzing the textural properties of the Japanese pear fruits with regard to changes in the pectin constituents.     

热浸镀锌层界面的微区电化学腐蚀行为

目的 探究钢铁热浸镀锌的镀层/钢基体界面的微区电化学特性及腐蚀行为。方法 采用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)分析技术,研究镀层/钢基体界面在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液腐蚀过程中微区电流的演变过程,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、3D显微镜以及X射线衍射技术(XRD)等分析腐蚀产物的物相组成与分布规律。结果 在腐蚀过程中,镀锌钢的腐蚀产物主要分布在热浸镀锌层界面处靠近钢基体的一侧,在镀锌层表面的分布较少,腐蚀产物主要由Zn5(OH)8Cl2、Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2与ZnO等物相组成。在腐蚀开始阶段,钢基体区域的SECM还原电流(I=1.2)大于镀锌层(I=1.1)。随着腐蚀时间的延长,镀层/钢基体界面处的SECM还原电流整体降低,同时在界面靠近钢基体一侧存在电流凹陷区(I=1.0),表明腐蚀产物主要沉积在此处,并对镀层的腐蚀起到保护作用。此外,在腐蚀过程中氧气的消耗主要发生在钢基体区域,随着腐蚀时间的增加,镀层和钢基体表面的溶解氧含量都逐渐降低。结论 在浸泡腐蚀过程中,镀锌层作为阳极,溶解生成Zn²⁺,并向钢基体区域扩散,同时钢基体表面消耗氧气,还原形成OH^–向镀锌层区域扩散。Zn²⁺与OH^–以及溶液中其他离子结合,生成腐蚀产物,在靠近镀层/钢基体界面处的钢基体一侧沉淀,对钢基体起到一定的保护作用。     

多股钢丝帘线初始伸长的有限元评估

当拉伸一个包含多个元件的结构件时,会产生初始伸长,在许多制造过程中,初始伸长的影响显著。在轮胎生产过程中,嵌有钢丝帘线的胎坯放置到花纹模腔中进行压制,以得到相应的胎面花纹。在此过程中,橡胶中的帘线被拉伸。因此,生产过程中轮胎中的帘线会有约百分之几的初始伸长。然而,轮胎制成后,帘线不会出现初始伸长。     

Study of Zinc Dialkydithiophosphate Antiwear Film Formation and Removal Processes,Part I: Experimental

The Static Stress field in and unpressurized, rounded, rectangular, elastomeric seal is examined using both experimental and numerical techniques. A particular stress separation method is successfully employed in the photoelastic study.

The salient features of the stress field and their relevance to the seal performances are outlined. An approximate theoretical model is proposed which permits the determination of the contact pressure profile.     

EFFECT OF W CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 12％Cr-W-V-Nb HEAT RESISTANT STEEL

本文报道了钨的含量对12％Cr-W-V-Nb耐热钢高温及室温力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:当钨的含量在2.2—3.0wt-％之间变化时,室温抗拉性能没有明显变化,但冲击韧性却随着钨量的增加而下降。另一方面,钨量的增加提高了短时间的持久强度,但对长时间的持久强度却没有改善作用。钨量的增加对析出行为有两方面的作用:促进Fe_2W型Laves相的形成并增加析出相总量;加速了回火后在高温加热过程中析出相的粗化。钨对高温力学性能的影响与析出特性有密切关系。在持久寿命较短时,析出相来不及粗化,析出量的增加造成了析出强化效果的加强,即钨量的增加提高了高温强度;而当长时间加热后,析出相发生了明显的粗化,降低了析出强化效果。     

Sintering of ZnS with a Small Amount of Ba2ZnS3

The effects of alkali and alkali-earth chloride additives on the sintering of ZnS powder compacts in H₂S have been examined. BaCl₂ was found to promote the sintering of ZnS. BaCl₂ reacts with ZnS to form Ba₂ZnS₃, which acts as a flux for sintering.