Pre-Buried ETL with Bottom-Up Strategy Toward Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 23%

With rapid development of photovoltaic technology, flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have attracted much attention for their light weight, high flexibility and portability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved so far is not yet comparable to that of rigid devices. This is mainly due to the great challenge of depositing homogeneous and high-quality perovskite films on flexible substrate. In this study, the pre-buried 3-aminopropionic acid hydroiodide (3AAH) additives into the electron transport layer (ETL) and modified the ETL/perovskite (PVK) interface by a bottom-up strategy. 3AAH treatment induced a templated perovskite grain growth and improved the quality of the ETL. By this, the residual stresses generated in PVK during the annealing-cooling process are released and converted into micro-compressive stresses. As a result, the defect density of f-PSCs with pre-buried 3AAH is reduced and the photovoltaic performance is greatly improved, reaching an exceptional PCE of 23.36%. This strategy provides a new idea to bridge the gap between flexible and rigid devices.     

Energy Transfer Induced by TADF Polymer Enables the Recycling of Excitons in Perovskite Solar Cells

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) has been demonstrated as the most efficient perovskite system to date, due to its excellent thermal stability and an ideal bandgap approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit. Whereas, there are intrinsic quantum confinement effects in FAPbI₃, which lead to unwanted non-radiative recombination. Additionally, the black α-phase of FAPbI₃ is unstable under room temperature due to the significant residual tensile stress in the film. To simultaneously address the above issues, a thermally-activated delayed fluorescence polymer P1 is designed in the study to modify the FAPbI₃ film. Owing to the spectral overlap between the photoluminescence of P1 and absorption of the above-bandgap quantum wells of FAPbI₃, the Förster energy transfer occurs at the P1/FAPbI₃ interface, which further triggers the Dexter energy transfer within FAPbI₃. The exciton “recycling” can thus be realized, which reduces the non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, P1 is found to introduce compressive stress into FAPbI₃, which relieves the tensile stress in perovskite. Consequently, the PSCs with P1 treatment achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.51%. Moreover, with the alleviation of stress in the perovskite film, flexible PSCs (f-PSCs) also deliver a high PCE of 21.40%.     

声透镜指向性换能器研究

该文利用声学透镜使声波能量聚焦,实现小尺寸换能器窄波束声辐射。利用有限元方法分别建立了单凹面声透镜及双凹面声透镜仿真模型,优化了声透镜结构参数,设计并制作了双凹面声透镜指向性换能器,并在消声水池内对换能器样机和声透镜进行了性能测试。换能器样机辐射面积直径?120 mm,设置声透镜后,提高发送电压响应级4 dB,发射指向性-3 dB波束开角由76°变为约30°(@10 kHz),与仿真计算结果相符。实验结果表明,声透镜有效减小了换能器发射波束宽度,提高了换能器主瓣发送电压响应,验证了双凹面声透镜对优化换能器指向性的效果。     

交互性在提升电商网站用户忠诚中的应用策略分析

目的对电商网站的交互性进行分析。方法通过文献调研划分交互行为,在竞品分析和深度访谈等定性研究的基础上,编撰调查问卷并开展大规模调查,回收定量数据,结合电商网站的特性,运用SPSS主成分分析法对交互因子进行提取研究。结论电商网站的交互因子可以概括为相关性、真实性和关系性3个方向,从信息交互和社会交互两个维度有针对性地探索各交互因子的应用策略,可以有效提升电商网站的用户忠诚。     

基于连续压导探针的炸药爆速和临界直径测试方法?

临界直径是确定炸药合理装药直径、预防炸药拒爆和不完全爆轰的重要指标,对炸药性能提高和高效利用有着十分重要的意义。设计了一种连续压导探针和楔形装药装置,在对炸药爆速进行测试的同时,利用炸药在临界直径不完全爆轰的特征,通过寻找爆轰波传播的拐点确定炸药临界直径。试验结果表明:装药密度为0.9g/cm3的铵油炸药爆速为3 261 m/s,临界直径为12.5 mm。提供了一种可同时测得炸药爆速和临界直径的方法,该方法简单,试验费用低,对炸药参数测试具有一定的指导意义。     

坑道内爆炸冲击波相似律问题探讨

为研究坑道内爆炸冲击波相似律问题,进行了不同药量坑道堵口爆炸实验,并利用ANSYS/LSDYNA软件对原型坑道与模型坑道爆炸冲击波进行数值计算。结果表明:与自由大气中不同,同一坑道内不同药量爆炸产生的冲击波不符合爆炸相似律;若原型坑道与模型坑道几何相似,装药量之比为几何相似比的三次方,则原型坑道与模型坑道内爆炸冲击波符合爆炸相似律;坑道内爆炸冲击波数值模拟时,若原型坑道与模型坑道网格尺寸符合相应的几何相似比,则冲击波计算结果满足相似律,当坑道截面网格密度为1675~2977时可以达到计算精度要求。     

碳纳米管在环氧树脂乙醇溶液中的分散性研究

采取硝酸-盐酸回流法对碳纳米管进行纯化,以超声振荡为手段,探究了在乙醇溶液中表面活性剂种类、浓度、复配方法及超声振荡时间等因素对碳纳米管在环氧树脂基体中的分散性能的影响。通过碳纳米管环氧树脂悬浮液的稳定保存时间来观察其分散性能。结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)分散效果最好。     

互联网与智能化时代的产品设计思维和方法研究

目的探寻与构建互联网与智能化时代的产品设计思维与方法。方法以新设计语境条件下产品自身概念的重新定义为切入点,通过论述互联网与泛载智能时代产品开发设计所需的设计、大数据、社群、场景、四大思维及其融合关系,来探讨区别于传统语境下产品开发设计的新流程与方法。结论在产品软硬件高度融合,泛载智能成为主流的情况下,以社群构建为核心的用户全流程参与式设计,以场景思维置入的方式来评估产品的商业应用潜能,以快速测试、反馈迭代来减少试错周期与成本,逐渐成为互联网与智能化时代下新产品开发设计的核心。     

一种基于降维密度聚类的船舶异常轨迹识别方法

目的 有效分析和探索海洋船舶时空轨迹行为模式,提高船舶轨迹聚类的效率与质量,更好地检测真实船舶的异常行为。方法 针对当前船舶轨迹数据研究中存在的对多维特征信息利用不足、检测效率不高、检测精度较差等问题,提出一种精确度高、能自主识别分析多维特征的船舶异常轨迹识别方法。首先利用随机森林分类器评估多维特征重要性,构建轨迹特征的最优组合;然后提出一种降维密度聚类方法,将T–分布随机邻域嵌入(T–SNE)和自适应密度聚类(DBSCAN)模型结合,通过构建特征选择层和无监督聚类层实现对数据元素非线性关系的高效提取以及对聚类参数的智能选择;最后根据聚类结果构建类簇特征向量,计算距离阈值判别轨迹相似度,实现轨迹异常检测模型的构建。结果 以UCI数据集为例,降维密度聚类方法对4、13、30、64维特征数据集的F1分数能达到0.9 048、0.9 534、0.8 218、0.6 627,多个聚类指标均优于DBSCAN、K–Means等常见聚类算法的。结论 研究结果表明,降维密度聚类方法能有效提取数据多维特征结构,实现聚类参数自适应,弥补密度聚类中参数难以确定的问题,有效实现对多种类型船舶轨迹异常的识别。     

C2C电子商务企业竞争力研究

伴随着互联网的发展,电子商务逐渐进入我们的经济生活中。作为网络经济的产物,电子商务企业与传统企业在竞争优势上存在巨大差异。面对着日益激烈的竞争,电子商务企业如何保持核心竞争力优势对企业的生存尤为重要。本文聚焦于C2C领域,并以淘宝网为例,尝试从企业核心竞争力的角度诠释电子商务企业与传统企业竞争优势的差异和竞争力培养的着力点。