BOVINE MUSCLE TENDERNESS AS RELATED TO PROTEIN SOLUBILITY

ABSTRACT— The longissimus (modest degree of marbling) from forty beef ribs selected 48–56 hr post-mortem was used in two trials. Trial I involved A, C and E maturity ribs (10 each classification). Each rib was subjectively scored for texture (fresh) and adjacent longissimus samples were removed for the determination of protein solubility (fresh) and tenderness. Tenderness (cooked muscle) was measured with a Warner-Bratzler shear and taste panel. Protein solubilities were determined using 0.154M Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonate buffer, 0.2M KCl + 0.01M K phosphate buffer, 1.1M Kl + 0.1M K phosphate buffer, and 0.03M K phosphate buffer. Trial II involved 10 A maturity ribs. The 0.2M KCl, 1.1M Kl and 0.03M K phosphate buffers as described for trial I were used for protein extraction. Additionally, sarcomere length was measured in formalin. Multiple regression equations were developed to predict tenderness in trial II. Protein solubilities were not significantly different between the carcass maturity groups although there were trends toward increased solubility as maturity increased. Tenderness tended to decrease from A to E maturity indicating a negative relationship between protein solubility and tenderness. Several significant negative correlations between protein solubility and tenderness were found in trial I (A maturity group) and trial II. Additionally, several significant negative correlations between texture and solubility were calculated. Correlations within the C and E maturity groups were variable and showed no definite trends. Multiple regression analyses showed that a combination of protein solubilities, texture score and sarcomere length accounted for 88% of the variation in shear force and 72% of the variation in taste panel tenderness.     

AROUSAL LEVELS AND THOUGHT PROCESSES DURING SENSORY DEPRIVATION.

BIOELECTRIC RECORDINGS AND VERBAL REPORTS OF MENTAL ACTIVITIES WERE COLLECTED FROM 10 SS DURING 6 HR. OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION. SS AND 3 EXPERTS INDEPENDENTLY RATED THE REPORTS FOR TYPE OF THOUGHT PROCESS, LEVEL OF THOUGHT ORGANIZATION, AND THEIR LEVEL OF AROUSAL DURING THE REPORT PERIOD. RESULTS INDICATE THAT SS ARE NOT HIGHLY ACCURATE RATERS FOR THE 3 CATEGORIES MENTIONED, AND THE MAJORITY OF THOUGHT DISORGANIZATIONS AND NONREALITY-ORIENTED THOUGHT PROCESSES OCCUR DURING LOW LEVELS OF AROUSAL. THE CONCLUSION REACHED IS THAT SENSORY DEPRIVATION DOES NOT DISRUPT THE NORMAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEVELS OF AROUSAL AND THOUGHT PROCESSES, BUT IN THE ABSENCE OF USUAL ENVIRONMENTAL CUES SS MAY MISINTERPRET THEIR MENTAL EXPERIENCES. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dissolution of Multicomponent Bubbles

The behavior of an isolated, stationary, multicomponent gas bubble in a glassmelt containing several dissolved gases is considered. The relevant mass-transport equations are formulated and calculations are performed for the case of two diffusing gases using a quasi-stationary model and a numerical solution of the exact mass-transfer equations. The results obtained from these two approaches are compared. The factors which govern the dissolution or growth of a bubble are thermodynamic and kinetic in origin. The tendency of a bubble to grow or shrink at long times is controlled by departure from overall equilibrium, whereas the short-time bubble dynamics may be dominated by kinetic effects. As a result of the existence of these dual influences, maxima and/or minima occur in the functional dependence of the bubble radius on time.     

Thermal Conductivity of Anisotropic Solids at High Temperatures—The Thermal Conductivity of Molded and Pyrolytic Graphites

A method has been developed for the determination of the thermal conductivities of anisotropic solids under conditions of two–dimensional, steady–state heat conduction in a cylinder of finite length heated in vacuum by high–frequency induction and radiating heat to the surroundings. The method has been used to determine the radial thermal conductivity, K_r , and the axial thermal conductivity, K_z , of molded ZT-type and pyrolytic graphite in the temperature range 1260° to 2200°K. For ZT-type graphite, K_z/K_r =–0.101 + 2.002 × 10⁻⁴± T (1260°K < T < 2200°K); for pyrolytic graphite, K_z/K_r = 0.0376 at 1817°K.     

Behavior of Bubbles in Glassmelts: I, Dissolution of a Stationary Bubble Containing a Single Gas

The quasi-stationary approximation was used to calculate the rates of dissolution of O₂ and CO₂ gas bubbles from a soda-lime glassmelt. An analytic expression for the bubble radius as a function of time, R(t) , was obtained when surface tension was neglected and numerical results for R(t) were found when surface-tension effects were included. These results were compared with those found by previous investigators. Also, an asymptotic expression for R (t) was derived and used to calculate bubble dissolution times.     

PREDICTION OF CREATIVITY AND OTHER PERFORMANCE MEASURES FROM BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AMONG PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS.

A 160-ITEM BIOGRAPHICAL INVENTORY WAS ADMINISTERED TO 157 PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS WHO WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO 2 GROUPS OF 79 AND 78 SS. EACH ALTERNATIVE FROM EACH ITEM IN THE INVENTORY WAS CORRELATED WITH 19 CRITERION MEASURES OBTAINED ON EACH OF THE SCIENTISTS. THESE PRIMARILY INVOLVED RATINGS OF CREATIVITY, QUANTITY OF WORK PRODUCED, SKILL WITH PEOPLE, ETC., OBTAINED FROM SUPERVISORS, PEERS, AND SUBORDINATES. REMARKABLY LITTLE RELATIONSHIP EXISTED BETWEEN SUPERVISORY AND PEER RATINGS OF THE SCIENTISTS ON MOST VARIABLES. USING A DOUBLE CROSS-VALIDATION DESIGN, INVENTORY PREDICTOR KEYS WERE DEVELOPED FOR EACH OF THE CRITERION RATINGS AND APPLIED ACROSS TO THE NEW INDEPENDENT SAMPLE. SIGNIFICANT CROSS VALIDITIES WERE OBTAINED, NOTABLY IN THE PREDICTION OF THE CREATIVITY CRITERION, WHERE CORRELATIONS OF .36 AND .42 RESULTED ACROSS THE 2 SUBSAMPLES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surface Composition of Porous Glass

Both boron and silicon were detected on the surface of porous glass. Infrared and adsorption data show five or six times more boron in the surface than can be expected from chemical analysis of the porous glass. It is suggested that the excess of boron in the surface occurs during the leaching of the base glass.     

Sport And Downtown Development Strategy If You Build It,Will Jobs Come?

ABSTRACT: Many policy analysts have cautioned against public spending for professional and amateur sports. Within the last year, numerous cities have received demands from major and minor league teams for investments. These investments by the public sector can involve hundreds of millions of dollars and are usually defended by the economic impact of the facilities or teams and the economic development and revitalization which will follow. Indianapolis formulated an economic development strategy which relied substantially on sports. In addition, its development policies did not involve one team or facility, but a series of investments. As a result, the policies followed in Indianapolis afford an opportunity to measure the ability of sport facilities to encourage other investments and enhance economic development. The results reported here indicate that a sports strategy, even one as pronounced and as articulated as that of Indianapolis, is likely to have an inconsequential impact on development and economic growth.     

Assay Systems and Characterization of Pacific Whiting (Merluccius productus) Protease

Commonly used protease assays and substrates were compared for sensitivity and simplicity in analyzing proteolytic activity in Pacific whiting causing gel weakening of surimi during heat-setting. Assay based on detection of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble products, using azocasein as substrate, showed highest sensitivity. By that assay, optimal pH of the protease was 5.5, and optimal temperature, 55°. The validity of the assay for measuring activity was confirmed by pH profiles of residual proteolytic and autolytic activities of uncooked surimi. These analyses showed pH profiles similar to those of fish juice with a pH optimum of 5.5.