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161.
Nanospheres of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer, have been prepared using the conventional solvent diffusion method. In this study, a method combining the solvent diffusion method and a two-step (premix) membrane emulsification technique is proposed for the preparation of monodisperse PLGA nanospheres with a diameter of 200 nm. The monodispersity of the PLGA nanospheres was higher than that of nanospheres obtained by the conventional solvent diffusion method. Generally, preparation of small particles or droplets by the membrane emulsification technique requires a supply of high-pressure nitrogen gas to force the emulsion or dispersion solution through the small pores of the membrane. However, in the technique proposed here, low-pressure nitrogen gas (0.02–0.11 kgf/cm2) is sufficient. Thus, using this technique, one can obtain monodisperse PLGA nanospheres with a diameter of 200 nm in a relatively short period of time under low-pressure nitrogen gas. 相似文献
162.
163.
Qingjun Zhu Makoto Takiguchi Tohru Setoyama Toshiyuki Yokoi Junko N. Kondo Takashi Tatsumi 《Catalysis Letters》2011,141(5):670-677
Abstract
Cr/silicalite-1 and Cr/H[B]MFI catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method, and Cr/H[B]MFI were further treated by steaming. The catalysts were employed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene with CO2 as the oxidant. Cr/H[B]MFI showed significantly higher catalytic activity than Cr/silicalite-1, and steamed Cr/H[B]MFI was superior in the reaction stability to Cr/H[B]MFI. The nature of the supported chromium species have been characterized by a number of physicochemical techniques, such as Raman, UV–vis and NMR. It is concluded that the steaming led to the auto-reduction of some Cr6+ to Cr3+, and resultant Cr3+ species might be located near the boron center in the borosilicate framework to counterbalance the negative charge of the framework. The transformation of Cr6+ species to Cr3+ species, facilitated by the steaming process and the presence of boron in the catalyst, is responsible for the enhanced stability of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene with carbon dioxide as the oxidant. 相似文献164.
Carmen Lane Giri Zine Alberto Justino da Conceição Leila L. Y. Visconte Edson Noriyuki Ito Regina C. R. Nunes 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2011,120(3):1468-1474
In this work, nanocomposites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), cellulose II, and clay were prepared by cocoagulation of SBR latex, cellulose xanthate, and clay aqueous suspension mixtures. The incorporated amount of cellulose II was 15 phr, and the clay varied from 0 to 7 phr. The influence of cellulose II and clay was investigated by rheometric, mechanical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. From the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dispersion in nanometric scale (below 100nm) of the cellulosic and mineral components throughout the elastomeric matrix was observed. XRD analysis suggested that fully exfoliated structure could be obtained by this method when low loading of silicate layers (up to 5 phr) is used. The results from mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical properties than SBR gum vulcanizate. Furthermore, 5 phr of clay is enough to achieve the best tensile properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
165.
Two kinds of fly ash, discharged in the combustion of either refused derived fuel (RDF) or car shredder dust (SD), were examined for the emission of heavy metals in melting process under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The residual fractions of heavy metal in slag were experimentally estimated. As a result, it was confirmed that several volatile heavy metals were readily emitted during melting process. The type of atmosphere provided for the melting process was found to affect the emission of some volatile metals in RDF ash, but not in SD ash. The emission of volatile heavy metals in RDF ash under oxidizing conditions was lower than under any other conditions in this study. The emission behavior of iron and heavy metals in RDF ash under reducing conditions was similar to that in SD ash. These facts indicated that phosphorous in RDF ash had the property of fixing the volatile metals in the slag only under oxidizing conditions. Then the mixture of SD ash with phosphorous oxide powder was also tested in a melting process, and the result was consistent with the above inference of the effect of phosphorous. 相似文献
166.
Pereira NR Muniz EC Matsushita M Evelázio de Souza N 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》2002,52(2):203-206
This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition, cholesterol contents and fatty acids profile of Brazilian commercial chicken giblets. The analysis were performed in gizzard, liver and heart in natura and also in cooked gizzard, fried liver and roasted heart. Fat and cholesterol contents ranged from 0.88% and 72.68 mg/100 g, in cooked gizzard, to 22.19% and 213.18 mg/100 g, in roasted heart. As the fat content gets higher, so does the cholesterol content. Palmitic (C16:0) and stearic acids (C18:0) were the predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA). The C16:0 ranged from 6.39% in cooked gizzard to 18.51% in fried liver. The C18:0 level ranged from 6.62% in roasted heart to 19.19% in cooked gizzard. Linoleic acid (C18:2 omega 6) was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The data revealed that the three different analysed giblets presented a good PUFA/SFA ratio, with values of 1.11, 1.14 and 1.40 for cooked gizzard, fried liver and roasted heart, respectively. 相似文献
167.
In order to improve the heat resistance of a cured epoxy resin together with reducing the viscosity of the resin composition, an epoxy resin was cured with a curing agent formed from the radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers during the cure process of the epoxy resin. N-phenylmaleimide and p-acetoxystyrene were used as vinyl monomers of the curing agent. The epoxy resin was cured by the insertion reaction of the ester group of the in situ polymerized curing agent and the epoxy group of the epoxy resin. In the cure system of the epoxy and the phenol resins, reduction of the viscosity of the resin composition was achieved by replacing some or all of the phenol resin with these monomers. When all phenol resins were replaced by these monomers, the viscosity of resin composition (0.01 Pa s at 70 °C) decreased by about 1/2000 compared with that of the system with only phenol resin (21 Pa s at 70 °C). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured resin with no phenols was 174 °C, an improvement of 17 °C compared with that of the system cured with only phenol resin. The flexural strength of the new resins remained unchanged. 相似文献
168.
Tetsuo Asakura Motohiro Kitaguchi Makoto Demura Harutoshi Sakai Keiichi Komatsu 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1992,46(1):49-53
The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the nonwoven fabrics, which have excellent properties in diffusivity of substrates, mechanical strength, and handling, with Bombyx mori silk fibroin gel. The nonwoven fabrics of silk fibroin, viscose rayon, poly-ethyleneterephthalate, 6-nylon, and polypropylene with activated surface by fluoline treatment were used. The stabilities of GOD to heat or pH changes were much improved by the immobilization as well as the case of the GOD immobilized in the silk fibroin membrane. Among nonwoven fabrics, silk fibroin was the most excellent support material for the immobilization of GOD although all nonwoven fabrics used here are able to be used as the support materials. The increase of the sensitivity was observed when the glucose sensor was made with the GOD immobilized on nonwoven silk fabrics as four times compared with the case of the GOD immobilized in the silk fibroin membrane. 相似文献
169.
Jifei Jia Eishi Tanabe Peng Wang Kouichi Ito Hiroyuki Morioka Ye Wang Tetsuya Shishido Katsuomi Takehira 《Catalysis Letters》2001,76(3-4):183-192
A solid phase crystallization (spc) method was applied for the preparation of SrTiO3-supported Ni catalysts and compared to the impregnation (imp) method. spc-Ni0.2/SrTiO3 has highly dispersed and stable Ni metal particles resulting in higher activity and higher sustainability against coking than imp-Ni0.2/SrTiO3 in the partial oxidation of CH4. Both catalysts were tested for the CH4 pyrolysis in order to elucidate the catalytic nature against coking of spc-Ni0.2/SrTiO3. The amount of carbon and the rate of H2 formation were similar over both catalysts at both 773 and 1073 K. On both catalysts, CH4 continuously decomposed at 773 K, while the rate of CH4 pyrolysis quickly decreased at 1073 K. Fibrous carbons grew up with a Ni metal particle on the tip of the fiber at 773 K, while carbon balls and short carbon fibers with a Ni metal particle encapsulated inside formed and no sufficient growth of the fiber was observed at 1073 K. The carbon species formed at 773 K was hydrogenated completely to CH4 around 873 K, while the hydrogenation of that formed at 1073 K needed higher temperature around 1073 K. However, the carbon species formed on both the catalysts at either 773 or 1073 K was completely oxidized around 773 K. Thus, judging from the anti-coking nature, the behaviors in the CH4 pyrolysis are similar over both catalysts, nonetheless spc-Ni0.2/SrTiO3 was far superior to imp-Ni0.2/SrTiO3 in the CH4 oxidation. It is likely that the high sustainability against coking of spc-Ni0.2/SrTiO3 is not due to its intrinsic nature suppressing the coking but due to its high activity of reforming which can quickly eliminate the carbon formed on the catalyst surface. 相似文献
170.
In the oxidation of cyclohexene with H2O2in monophasic tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) solution catalyzed by Keggin-type 12-heteropolyacids, i.e., H3PMo12-xW
x
O40(x=0–12), several peroxo species were observed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy in lower field than the original heteropolyacids. Their composition varied regularly with that of the starting catalyst. The P-containing peroxo species formed was deduced as [PM4O8(O2)8]3-(M = Mo, W). The peroxo species formed more easily with a decrease in the W content, x of H3PMo12-xWxO40. It was further indicated from the reactivity with cyclohexene and the comparison with catalytic performance that W-rich peroxo species were catalytically more active than Mo-rich peroxo species for the oxidation of cyclohexene in this reaction system. 相似文献