The U─Zr─C Ternary Phase Diagram above 2473 K

The U─Zr─C tertnary phase diagram is optimized by graphical and numerical curve fitting of self-consistent thermodynamic and phase diagram data reported in the literature. The system is described from 2473 to 3693 K using isothermal ternary phase diagrams. The solidus and liquidus curves of the U_xZr_1−xC_y solid solution were estimated from combined thermodynamic and phase diagram data. The solidus and liquidus curves in the ternary system were calculated using a modified form of a free-energy minimization method developed by Rudy and Chang. The calculated curves agree with experimental data.     

Shear dependence of thermal conductivity in polyethylene melts

Thermal conductivity measurements with a modified Couette flow cell were obtained as a function of shear rate for two linear polyethylene melts of weight-average molecular weights 27,300 and 56,700, respectively. The lower-molecular-weight polyethylene revealed a maximum decrease in thermal conductivity of 55 percent at 150 s^?1. After shearing at 400 s^?1, approximately 90 minutes was required to recover the value corresponding to the zero shear condition. This was considered consistent with molecular orientation into the flow direction during shear with a subsequent relaxation upon the removal of stress. The higher-molecular-weight polyethylene gave a similar decrease in thermal conductivity at 50 s^?1. Unlike the lower-molecular-weight melt, an increase was observed at higher shear rates. Enhancement of energy transport via cluster flow mechanism was presented as a possible interpretation of these results. A theory of molecular orientation of liquid poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) under shear flow was previously developed from thermal conductivity and birefringence data of this material. An attempt to clarify the difference in behavior between the two melts examined in this work, and between the polyethylene melts and the PDMS previously studied is presented.     

Radiation-degradation susceptibility studies of vinyl terpolymers: Search for improved electron beam resists

To develop polymer systems with improved lithographic resist properties, terpolymers of methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile/methyl α-chloroacryate (MMA/MCN/MCA), methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile/α-chloroacrylonitrile (MMA/MCN/ACAN), and methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile/vinylidene chloride (MMA/MCN/VDC) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Also one methyl methacrylate/ methyl α-chloroacylate/α-chloroacrylonitrile (MMA/MCA/ ACAN) terpolymer was prepared. The radiation susceptibilities of these terpolymers were measured using the ⁶⁰Coγ-irradiation method. Molecular weights were determined both by membrane osmometry and gel permeation chromatography. All terpolymers exhibited higher radiation-degradation susceptibilities than poly(methyl methacrylate). The Gs values did not follow the general trend, previously observed with MCN/MCA copolymers, of being directly proportional to the respective terpolymer compositions. In some cases, the addition of small quantities of α-chlorine-containing monomers caused Gx to increase. This observation greatly differs from those observed for copolymer systems such as MMA/MCA, MCN/MCA, MMA/ ACAN, etc. studied previously. Terpolymerization gives highly soluble polymers especially suitable for wet development by many solvents. This is an important consideration for polymers with high mole fractions of methacrylonitrile (MCN) or vinylidene chloride (VDC) which are rendered soluble in development solvents. The electron-beam sensitivities were obtained for samples of three classes of the terpolymers and they were higher than that of PMMA. For example, at 20Kev a 62/34/4 MMA/MCN/MCA terpolymer exhibited a sensitivity of 1.3 × 10^?5 coulombs cm^?2 at l/l_o = 1. The introduction of ACAN narrows the working range for positive resist behavior. For example MMA/MCN/ACAN(41/40/19) has a sensitivity of 8.3 × 10^?6 coulombs cm^?2 at l/l₀ = 0.6 but it crosslinks at 1 ? 1.3 × 10^? coulombs cm². The MMA/MCN/VDC(21/76/3) polymer was about 25 times more sensitive than PMMA (7 × 10^?6 C cm^?2 at l/l₀=1).     

Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice

The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages).     

Industrial speed control: are PM couplings an alternative to VFDs?

For industrial applications, the primary consideration of any component or system is reliability. In this aspect, the variable frequency drive (VFD) is now generally regarded as a mature technology of proven track record in a multitude of diverse applications. The adjustable speed coupling system (ASCS), as a newer technology, needs to develop a comparable reputation which, if the mechanical concepts are sound, should be possible as it has a much smaller parts count and is simpler. Maintenance requirements are also small-two bearings requiring periodic lubrication     

Noun and adjective imagery and order in paired-associate learning by French and English subjects.

Varied rated noun imagery (I), rated adjective I, and noun-adjective order in a paired-associate (PA) learning task. 98 10th graders learned 2 PA lists, 1 with noun-adjective (N-A) pairs and 1 with adjective-noun (A-N) pairs. Within each list rated I of both nouns and adjectives was varied factorially. Both English- and French-speaking Ss learned the lists in their own languages. Results support the predictions from an hypothesis based on mediating imagery. N-A recall was superior to A-N recall for all combinations of word I, except when nouns were low and adjectives high in I. In the latter case, A-N recall was higher. This pattern was the same for both English- and French-speaking Ss. Results are interpreted as further evidence of the important role played by imagery in verbal learning. (French summary) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)