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81.
Labib M Zamay AS Muharemagic D Chechik AV Bell JC Berezovski MV 《Analytical chemistry》2012,84(4):1813-1816
The development of aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for viruses (AptaVISens-V) is presented. Highly specific DNA aptamers to intact vaccinia virus were selected using cell-SELEX technique and integrated into impedimetric sensors via self-assembly onto a gold microelectrode. Remarkably, this aptasensor is highly selective and can successfully detect viable vaccinia virus particles (down to 60 virions in a microliter) and distinguish them from nonviable viruses in a label-free electrochemical assay format. It also opens a new venue for the development of a variety of viability sensors for detection of many microorganisms and spores. 相似文献
82.
大塑性变形纳米结构Al-Mg合金中的形变缺陷和电子辐照效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为澄清大塑性变形纳米结构Al-Mg合金中形变缺陷形成的本质,采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)研究电子辐照对高压扭转合金中面缺陷形成的影响。结果表明:对已有高密度面缺陷的HRTEM图像,经电子束照射一段时间后,这些面缺陷会完全消失;而在没有缺陷的HRTEM图像区域进行电子辐照,即使电子束的照射提高到足以在该区域击出孔洞,整个过程均未观察到任何晶格缺陷。因此,高压扭转合金中的面缺陷主要来源于极度的塑性变形,而与HRTEM观察过程中的电子辐照效应无关。 相似文献
83.
A predictive model for heat induced shape deviations would facilitate the optimization of dry milling strategies. Results from milling experiments aiming at a physically based regression model for the heat flux distribution along the contact arc are presented. The contact arc was discretised by varying the width of cut on four levels for each combination of cutting speed, feed speed, and depth of cut. Heat fluxes to the workpiece were iteratively determined in an inverse procedure. Heat partitioning not only depends on the thermal number as in orthogonal cutting but also on the feed speed and the depth of cut. 相似文献
84.
Goryachev M Galliou S Abbe P Bourgeois PY Grop S Dubois B 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2012,59(1):21-29
The phase noise of a quartz crystal resonator working at liquid helium temperatures is studied. Measurement methods and the device environment are explained. The phase noise is measured for different resonance modes, excitation levels, amount of operating time, device orientations in relation to the cryocooler vibration axis, and temperatures. Stability limits of a frequency source based on such devices are evaluated in the present measurement conditions. The sources of phase flicker and white noises are identified. Finally, the results are compared with previous works. 相似文献
85.
Kokhanchik LS Borodin MV Burimov NI Shandarov SM Shcherbina VV Volk TR 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2012,59(6):1076-1084
We report the results of fabrication and investigations of surface periodic domain structures created by a set of quasi-point e-beam irradiations both on the Y- and X-cuts of LiNbO(3), and on Ti:LiNbO(3) and Zn:LiNbO(3) planar waveguides. Domain gratings with spatial periods from 4.75 to 7.25 μm were formed by a 25-keV e-beam. Doses from 500 to 2000 μC/cm(2) were used for different structures to estimate optimal fabrication conditions. The investigations allowed the visualization of the formed surface domain structures, estimation of their uniformity, and determination of waveguide generation of the second optical harmonic. The surface structures can be used in optical devices for the realization of quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion, which includes the creation of compact radiation sources based on waveguides. 相似文献
86.
Maksyutenko P Grechko M Rizzo TR Boyarkin OV 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2012,370(1968):2710-2727
We summarize here our experimental studies of the high rovibrational energy levels of water. The use of double-resonance vibrational overtone excitation followed by energy-selective photofragmentation and laser-induced fluorescence detection of OH fragments allowed us to measure previously inaccessible rovibrational energies above the seventh OH-stretch overtone. Extension of the experimental approach to triple-resonance excitation provides access to rovibrational levels via transitions with significant transition dipole moments (mainly OH-stretch overtones) up to the dissociation threshold of the O-H bond. A collisionally assisted excitation scheme enables us to probe vibrations that are not readily accessible via pure laser excitation. Observation of the continuous absorption onset yields a precise value for the O-H bond dissociation threshold, 41?145.94 ± 0.15?cm(-1). Finally, we detect long-lived resonances as sharp peaks in spectra above the dissociation threshold. 相似文献
87.
Ruslan Z. Valiev Maxim Yu. Murashkin Askar Kilmametov Boris Straumal Nguyen Q. Chinh Terence G. Langdon 《Journal of Materials Science》2010,45(17):4718-4724
Processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) typically increases the strength of metals and alloys drastically by decreasing
their grain size into the submicrometer or nanometer range but the ductility of such materials remains typically low. This
report describes the first demonstration that it is possible to increase the room temperature ductility of aluminum-based
alloys processed by SPD and to attain elongations to failure of >150% while retaining the enhanced strength. This unique combination
of properties is due to the occurrence of grain boundary sliding at room temperature. The sliding was obviously achieved by
introducing a grain boundary wetting of the aluminum/aluminum grain boundaries. 相似文献
88.
MB Gongalsky AY Kharin LA Osminkina VY Timoshenko J Jeong H Lee BH Chung 《Nanoscale research letters》2012,7(1):446
A significant enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency is observed for aqueous suspensions of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) coated by bioresorbable polymers, i.e., polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PSiNPs with average size about 100 nm prepared by mechanical grinding of electrochemically etched porous silicon were dispersed in water to prepare the stable suspension. The inner hydrophobic PLGA layer prevents the PSiNPs from the dissolution in water, while the outer PVA layer makes the PSiNPs hydrophilic. The PL quantum yield of PLGA/PVA-coated PSiNPs was found to increase by three times for 2 weeks of the storage in water. The observed effect is explained by taking into account both suppression of the dissolution of PSiNPs in water and a process of the passivation of nonradiative defects in PSiNPs. The obtained results are interesting in view of the potential applications of PSiNPs in bioimaging. 相似文献
89.
Nguyen HD Cao B Mishra B Boyanov MI Kemner KM Fredrickson JK Beyenal H 《Water research》2012,46(1):227-234
The presence and importance of microenvironments in the subsurface at contaminated sites were suggested by previous geochemical studies. However, no direct quantitative characterization of the geochemical microenvironments had been reported. We quantitatively characterized microscale geochemical gradients (dissolved oxygen (DO), H2, pH, and redox potential) in Hanford 300A subsurface sediment biofilms. Our results revealed significant differences in geochemical parameters across the sediment biofilm/water interface in the presence and absence of U(VI) under oxic and anoxic conditions. While the pH was relatively constant within the sediment biofilm, the redox potential and the DO and H2 concentrations were heterogeneous at the microscale (<500-1000 μm). We found microenvironments with high DO levels (DO hotspots) when the sediment biofilm was exposed to U(VI). On the other hand, we found hotspots (high concentrations) of H2 under anoxic conditions both in the presence and in the absence of U(VI). The presence of anoxic microenvironments inside the sediment biofilms suggests that U(VI) reduction proceeds under bulk oxic conditions. To test this, we operated our biofilm reactor under air-saturated conditions in the presence of U(VI) and characterized U speciation in the sediment biofilm. U LIII-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) showed that 80-85% of the U was in the U(IV) valence state. 相似文献
90.
Maxim N. Tchoul Matthew Dalton Loon-Seng Tan Hongchen Dong Chin Ming Hui Krzysztof Matyjaszewski Richard A. Vaia 《Polymer》2012,53(1):79-86
Polymer-grafted inorganic nanoparticles are being developed for a diverse array of applications, ranging from drug delivery to multifunctional composites. In many instances, performance of these core-shell hybrids is limited by relatively broad distributions of size and composition, as well as the presence of impurities, such as unattached polymer chains. Herein, further synthetic improvements, and associated characterization techniques, to enhance the fraction of the grafted polystyrene shell on silica hybrid nanoparticles are discussed. We found that during surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) from the silica nanoparticles, thermal self-initiation of styrene produces unattached polymer chains. Size exclusion chromatography afforded a facile approach to quantify the mass of the unattached polymer, and provide a substantial refinement to estimates of chain graft density beyond traditionally-used approaches, such as thermogravimetry. This fraction of unattached polymer is still present even after post-polymerization work-up via precipitation and re-dissolution. Removal necessitates additional procedures, such as high speed centrifugation. Selection of a lower polymerization temperature, in concert with a more reactive Cu complex, significantly reduces the amount of unattached polystyrene impurity. The improved polymerization conditions and post-polymerization purification provide more refined polystyrene-grafted silica nanoparticles to clarify structure-property relationships of these core-shell hybrids. 相似文献