Early neuropsychological change in HIV infection.

The neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning of 15 Ss infected with HIV+ was examined. Performance by the HIV+ Ss was compared with that of 15 at-risk HIV– Ss. Relative to the HIV– Ss, the HIV+ Ss were impaired on measures of attention, verbal fluency, and visual memory. The pattern of deficit exhibited by the HIV+ Ss was suggestive of a subcortical dysfunction. Despite this, the HIV+ Ss did not exhibit greater levels of psychosocial impairment. There was no relationship between depression and neuropsychological test performance for the HIV+ Ss. The development of specific criteria for defining impairment when assessing the neuropsychological consequences of HIV infection is recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tissue interleukin 1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist expression in enterocolitis in resistant and susceptible rats

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Subserosal injection of purified group A streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) induces chronic relapsing granulomatous enterocolitis and systemic inflammation in susceptible inbred Lewis rats but only transient intestinal injury in Buffalo and Fischer rats. Cecal interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) expression was measured in inbred rats displaying differential susceptibility to experimental enterocolitis. METHODS: The ileum and cecum of Lewis, Buffalo, and Fischer rats were subserosally injected with purified PG-APS or albumin. IL-1 and IL-1ra messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein (IL-1 only) were measured 1 or 27 days later. PG-APS-injected Lewis rats were treated with recombinant human IL-1ra. Kinetics of IL-1 and IL-1ra mRNA expression were studied in peritoneal cells. RESULTS: All rats strains developed acute inflammation with increased cecal concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-1ra mRNA. Lewis rats developed chronic enterocolitis and had higher IL-1 and IL-1ra mRNA tissue levels than Buffalo or Fischer rats, which displayed no chronic inflammation. IL-1 beta and IL-1ra were produced by submucosal granulomas and correlated with inflammation. IL-1 alpha protein levels paralleled IL-1 beta mRNA expression. IL-1ra treatment attenuated acute and chronic enterocolitis, adhesions, and arthritis. PG-APS induced IL-1 and IL-1ra expression in peritoneal cells from Lewis and Fischer rats. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial cell wall polymers stimulate IL-1 and IL-1ra expression in vivo and in vitro. These counterbalancing cytokines are increased in experimental enterocolitis and have important immunoregulatory roles in intestinal inflammation.     

Validation of a screening instrument for young children with teacher assessment of school performance.

Attempted to identify a screening instrument that would agree with teacher judgments of high- and low-performing students to increase the relevance of educational programs for young children. A group of children was observed and tested, and the results were compared with teacher judgments from kindergarten through 3rd grade. During the 1st yr of the study, 32 high-performing and 32 low-performing students were identified by 11 kindergarten teachers. The 1st-yr results were validated with a 2nd group of 208 kindergarten children. The initial group of 64 Ss was subsequently evaluated by their 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-grade teachers without knowing the results of the previous year's screening. It was found that the Basic School Skills Inventory-Screen can be used by the teacher to quickly gather behavior samples before he/she has had sufficient exposure to the child to make more informed decisions. Results were predictive of subsequent school performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Enhanced multiwave mixing interactions in semiconductor opticalamplifiers via pump modulation

It is demonstrated that, by modulating a semiconductor optical amplifier at a frequency determined by the detuning between the pump and probe in a collinear four wave mixing geometry, the enhancements in gain and reflectivity of two to three orders of magnitude are possible for remarkably small modulation depths (m=10^-2). The mechanism of frequency mixing using population pulsations in semiconductor laser amplifiers is summarized. In particular, the modification to the standard geometry to achieve enhancements is discussed. The appropriate four wave mixing equations including current modulation terms are solved analytically in the undepleted pump approximation. The analytic forms for transmission gain and phase conjugate reflectivity in several cases of interest are computed. In particular, the case in which four wave mixing is absent and energy transfer occurs solely as a result of the current modulation is examined     

超级安全电网（SSG）技术

利用高温超导材料的基本特性,提出了超级安全技术,解决了现有电网在扩大规模时故障电流超过传统设备极限的问题,并在增加电网容量的同时,增强了系统的可靠性和安全性。     

Dressed resonance frequency for semiconductor lasers

General formulas are given for the instantaneous or dressed resonance frequency and damping parameter of semiconductor lasers. Calculations of the excursion of the resonance frequency during direct current modulation are presented     

The supinator notch sign in rheumatoid arthritis

Unconcentrated CSF and 200 times diluted serum samples from 192 patients were examined by agar electrophoresis; their albumin and transferrin content were determined simultaneously by radial immunodiffusion. Using the data on transferrin and albumin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, the transferrin/albumin index was calculated in a similar way to the IgG/albumin index. Normally the transferrin/albumin index is 1.68 (n = 77; S.D. = 0.22). If the permeability of the blood-CSF barrier increases, the transferrin/albumin index gradually decreases to 1. If the tau-globulin fraction is increased on the agar pherogram, the transferrin/albumin index will be greater than 2.34 (mean + 3 S.D.).     

Electrochemiluminescence of copper(I) bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10- phenanthroline)

The electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of Cu[dmp]2+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) have been investigated. ECL has been observed for Cu(dmp)2+ in aqueous, nonaqueous, and mixed solvent solutions using tri-n-propylamine as an oxidative-reductive coreactant. The ECL intensity peaks at potential corresponding to oxidation of both the coreactant and Cu(dmp)2+. The peak potential corresponding to maximum ECL emission is approximately 500 mV more anodic than corresponding oxidative peak potentials, indicating that the ECL emission may be due to the formation of either the *Cu(dmp)2+ metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state or an excited-state product of Cu(dmp)2+ oxidation. ECL efficiencies (phiecl = photons generated per redox event) are solvent-dependent (phiecl (CH3CN) > phiecl (50:50 (v/v) CH3CN:H20) > phiecl (H2O)) and correspond fairly well with photoluminescence efficiencies. Increased ECL efficiencies (> or = 50-fold) are observed in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100.