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31.
A novel vinyl ether-type RAFT agent, benzyl 2-(vinyloxy)ethyl carbonotrithioate (BVCT) was synthesized for various block copolymers via the combination of living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The novel BVCT–trifluoroacetic acid adduct play an important role to produce well-defined block copolymers, which is both as a cationogen under EtAlCl2 initiation system in the presence of ethyl acetate for living cationic polymerization and a RAFT agent for blocks by RAFT polymerization. The resulting polymer, poly(vinyl ether)s, by living cationic polymerization had a high number average α-end functionality (≥0.9) as determined by both 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF-MS spectrometry. In addition, this poly(vinyl ether)s worked well as a macromolecular chain transfer agent for RAFT polymerization. The RAFT polymerization of radically polymerizable monomers was conducted in toluene using 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) at 70 °C. For example, a double thermoresponsive block copolymer (MOVE61-b-NIPAM150) consisting of 2-methoxyethyl vinyl ether (MOVE) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was prepared via the combination of living cationic polymerization and RAFT polymerization. The block copolymer reversibly formed and deformed micellar assemblies above the phase separation temperature (Tps) of poly(NIPAM) block in water. This BVCT is not only functioned as an initiator, but also acted as a monomer. When BVCT was copolymerized with MOVE by living cationic polymerization, followed by graft copolymerization with NIPAM via RAFT polymerization, well-defined graft copolymers (MOVEn-co-BVCTm)-g-NIPAMx (n = 62–73, m = 1–9, x = 19–214) were successfully obtained. However, no micelle formed in water above Tps of poly(NIPAM) graft chain unlike the case of block copolymers. 相似文献
32.
Lei Pan Ming-yang Yang Shouta Murae Wataru Sato Naoto Shimohara Akihiro Yamagata 《风机技术》2021,(3):46-55
With the increasing demand of turbochargers with high performance and low turbo lag, high cycle fatigue (HCF) of radial turbine blades has become the most commo... 相似文献
33.
Hitoshi Suto Yasuo Hattori Hiromaru Hirakuchi Naoto Kihara Yasumasa Nakashiki 《Structure and Infrastructure Engineering》2017,13(10):1359-1371
Steel corrosion under atmospheric conditions is a critical issue in the maintenance of structures such as electric transmission towers and bridges during their long-term operation, which are generally located at many places over a wide area. Since a major factor causing corrosion is airborne salt particles coming from the sea, wide-area distributions of the long-term cumulative amount of sea salt deposited on surfaces are needed. Moreover, since the amount of airborne sea salt varies locally with the topography, it is also important to consider the effects of topography. In this paper, a method combining a computational fluid dynamics model and a statistical procedure is proposed to efficiently estimate wide-area distributions of the cumulative amount of airborne sea salt by considering the local topography. The predicted amount of airborne sea salt decreases with increasing distance from the coast and varies with the topography and the offshore wind. A comparison between predicted and observed amounts revealed that: (1) this method appropriately estimates topographical effects on sea-salt transport and enables the estimation of deposited sea salt on structure surfaces, and (2) consideration of the trapping efficiency of sea-salt particles on structure surfaces improves the prediction accuracy. 相似文献
34.
Liquid‐phase sintering of highly Na+ ion conducting Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramics using Na3BO3 additive
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Kousuke Noi Kenji Suzuki Naoto Tanibata Akitoshi Hayashi Masahiro Tatsumisago 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2018,101(3):1255-1265
Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NASICON) is a promising material as a solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. Nevertheless, one challenge for the application of NASICON in batteries is their high sintering temperature above 1200°C, which can lead to volatilization of light elements and undesirable side reactions with electrode materials at such high temperatures. In this study, liquid‐phase sintering of NASICON with a Na3BO3 (NBO) additive was performed for the first time to lower the NASICON sintering temperature. A dense NASICON‐based ceramic was successfully obtained by sintering at 900°C with 4.8 wt% NBO. This liquid‐phase sintered NASICON ceramic exhibited high total conductivity of ~1 × 10?3 S cm?1 at room temperature and low conduction activation energy of 28 kJ mol?1. Since the room‐temperature conductivity is identical to that of conventional high‐temperature‐sintered NASICON, NBO was demonstrated as a good liquid‐phase sintering additive for NASICON solid electrolyte. In the NASICON with 4.8 wt% NBO ceramic, most of the NASICON grains directly bonded with each other and some submicron sodium borates segregated in particulate form without full penetration to NASICON grain boundaries. This characteristic composite microstructure contributed to the high conductivity of the liquid‐phase sintered NASICON. 相似文献
35.
In these years, a lot of environmental problems such as air pollution and exhaustion of fossil fuels have been discussed intensively. In our laboratory, a hydrogen-fueled propulsion system has been researched as an alternative to conventional systems. A hydrogen-fueled propulsion system is expected to have higher power, lighter weight and lower emissions. However, for the practical use, there exist many problems that must be overcome. Considering these backgrounds, jet engines with hydrogen-fueled combustion within a turbine blade passage have been studied. Although some studies have been made on injecting and burning hydrogen fuel from a stator surface, little is known about the interaction between a tip leakage vortex near the suction side of a rotor tip and hydrogen-fueled combustion. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the tip leakage vortex on the characteristics of the 3-dimensional flow field with hydrogen-fueled combustion within a turbine blade passage. Reynolds-averaged compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved with incorporating a k-ε turbulence and a reduced chemical mechanism models. Using the computational results, the 3-dimensional turbulent flow field with chemical reactions is numerically visualized, and the three-dimensional turbulent flow fields with hydrogen combustion and the structure of the tip leakage vortex are investigated. 相似文献
36.
The oxygen content of silicon nitride with 1 mol% Y2 O3 —Nd2 O3 additive was measured after firing to determine the compositional change during gas-pressure sintering. Oxygen content decreases from 2.5 to 0.94 wt% during firing for 4 h at 1900°C and 10-MPa pressure in N2 . This decrease in oxygen results from the release of SiO gas generated by a thermaldecomposition reaction between Si3 N4 and SiO2 . The resultant sintered silicon nitride material contains less than 1 wt% oxygen. 相似文献
37.
Xin Xu Toshiyuki Nishimura Qing Huang Rong-Jun Xie Naoto Hirosaki Hidehiko Tanaka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(12):4047-4049
A feasible doping strategy is introduced to synthesize Eu2+ -doped α-Si3 N4 nanowires coated with a thin BN film. The nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The Eu2+ -doped α-Si3 N4 nanowires emitted strong yellow light, which is related to the 4 f 6 5 d –4 f 7 transition of Eu2+ , upon a broad excitation wavelength range between 250 and 450 nm. The obtained nanowires provided a potential candidate for application in optical nanodevices, as well as in white LEDs. 相似文献
38.
Silicon-doped diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) films were prepared by dc pulse-plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD), using a mixture of acetylene (C2H2) and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the material gas. The pulse voltage was varied from − 2 to − 5 kV, and the TMS flow ratio (TMS/(C2H2 + TMS)) was varied from 0 to 40%. At a pulse voltage of − 2 kV, an increase in TMS flow ratio leads to a decrease in hardness. In contrast, at a pulse voltage of − 5 kV, an increase in TMS flow ratio leads to a slight increase in hardness. The high hydrogen concentration in the films due to an increase in TMS flow ratio promotes the formation of polymeric sp3 C―H bonds, resulting in the fabrication of soft films at a low pulse voltage of − 2 kV. However, an increase in the effect of ion peening on the growth face results in the formation of hard films at a high pulse voltage of − 5 kV. Then, at a pulse voltage of − 5 kV fabricating hard Si-DLC films, an increase in TMS flow ratio leads to an increase in the silicon content in the films, resulting in a decrease in the friction coefficient. Therefore, it is clarified that Si-DLC films fabricated by dc pulse-plasma CVD under a high pulse voltage and high TMS flow ratio exhibit high hardness and a low friction coefficient. Moreover, to investigate the friction coefficient of Si-DLC films fabricated by dc pulse-plasma CVD, films deposited by dc plasma CVD were also evaluated. To obtain the same low friction coefficient, dc pulse-plasma CVD requires less TMS than dc plasma CVD. Hence, it is also clarified that Si-DLC films can be fabricated at a low cost by dc pulse-plasma CVD. 相似文献
39.
Shoji Eita Takahashi Ryuji Isogai Shosei Ito Naoto Kubo Masaki Tsukada Takao Fukuyama Hiroyuki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2019,50(5):2454-2458
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Normal spectral emissivity of molten Cu-Fe alloy with different compositions was measured at the wavelength of 807 nm using an electromagnetic... 相似文献
40.
As langasite A3BC3D2O14 compounds group with piezoelectric properties has no phase transition up to the melting point of 1400–1500 °C, they have been applied for the combustion pressure sensor. As they also have a larger electromechanical coupling factor compared to quartz and nearly the same temperature stability as quartz, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters are expected based on the digital transformation of wider bandwidth and higher-bit rates. In the case of three-element compounds such as [R3]A[Ga]B[Ga3]C[GaSi]DO14 (R=La, Pr and Nd), the piezoelectric constant increases with the ionic radius R. In the case of four-element compounds such as [A3]A[B]B[Ga3]C[Si2]DO14 (A=Ca or Sr, B=Ta or Nb), |d11| and k12 values as a function of AL/BL ratio showed a linear relationship completely. There are two effects for the substitutions of A- and B-site cations: the substitution of Sr for Ca brings expansion toward [100] and enlargement in |d11| and k12. On the other hand, as the substitution of Ta for Nb brings not much change, the properties are similar. In this study, five-element compounds such as La3?xSrxTayGa5?x+ySi1+x?2yO14 (0≤x≤3, 0≤y≤1) solid solutions analysed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction are compared with the three- and four-element compounds on the coordinates of oxygen ions. As the coordinates positions are located on the extended line of coordinate positions on the three-element compounds as increasing ionic radius of R-ions in A-site, the piezoelectric properties |d11| and k12 are expected become large. 相似文献