Roey Elnathan  Bahman Delalat  Daniel Brodoceanu  Hashim Alhmoud  Frances J. Harding  Katrin Buehler  Adrienne Nelson  Lucio Isa  Tobias Kraus  Nicolas H. Voelcker 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(46):7215-7225

Vertically aligned silicon nanowire (VA‐SiNW) arrays are emerging as a powerful new tool for gene delivery by means of mechanical transfection. In order to utilize this tool efficiently, uncertainties around the required design parameters need to be removed. Here, a combination of nanosphere lithography and templated metal‐assisted wet chemical etching is used to fabricate VA‐SiNW arrays with a range of diameters, heights, and densities. This fabrication strategy allows identification of critical parameters of surface topography and consequently the design of SiNW arrays that deliver plasmid with high transfection efficiency into a diverse range of human cells whilst maintaining high cell viability. These results illuminate the cell‐materials interactions that mediate VA‐SiNW transfection and have the potential to transform gene therapy and underpin future treatment modalities.  相似文献   

    

Marie Buffire  Nicolas Barreau  Ludovic Arzel  Pawel Zabierowski  John Kessler 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2015,23(4):462-469

Chemical bath deposited (CBD)Zn(S,O,OH) is among the alternatives to (CBD)CdS buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂(CIGSe)‐based devices. Nevertheless, the performances reached by devices buffered with (CBD)Zn(S,O,OH) vary strongly from one sample to another and from one laboratory to another, indicating that parameters of minority impact with (CBD)CdS‐buffered devices have major influence when buffered with (CBD)Zn(S,O,OH). Moreover, the literature reports, but not systematically, the requirement of substituting the standard resistive intrinsic ZnO by (Zn,Mg)O and/or soaking the devices in ultraviolet‐containing light in order to reach optimal device operation. The present study investigates the impact of the three following parameters on the optoelectronic behavior of the Cu(In,Ga)Se₂/(CBD)Zn(S,O,OH)/i‐ZnO‐based solar cells: (i) CIGSe surface composition; (ii) (CBD)Zn(S,O,OH) layer thickness; and (iii) i‐ZnO layer resistivity. The first conclusion of this study is that all of these parameters are observed to influence the electrical metastabilities of the devices. The second conclusion is that the light soaking time needed to achieve optimal photovoltaic parameters is decreased by (i) using absorbers with Cu content close to stoichiometry, (ii) increasing the buffer layer thickness, and (iii) increasing the resistivity of i‐ZnO. By optimizing these trends, stable and highly efficient Zn(S,O,OH)‐buffered CIGSe solar cells have been fabricated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Dong Hun Kim  Nicolas M. Aimon  Xue Yin Sun  Lior Kornblum  Fred. J. Walker  Charles. H. Ahn  Caroline A. Ross 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(37):5889-5896

Perovskite‐spinel epitaxial nanocomposite thin films are commonly grown on single crystal perovskite substrates, but integration onto a Si substrate can greatly increase their usefulness in devices. Epitaxial BiFeO₃–CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites consisting of CoFe₂O₄ pillars in a BiFeO₃ matrix are grown on (001) Si with two types of buffer layers: molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown SrTiO₃‐coated Si and pulsed‐laser‐deposited (PLD) Sr(Ti_0.65Fe_0.35)O₃/CeO₂/yttria‐stabilized ZrO₂/Si. The nanocomposite grows with the same crystallographic orientation and morphology as that observed on single crystal SrTiO₃ when the buffered Si substrates are smooth, but roughness of the Sr(Ti_0.65Fe_0.35)O₃ promoted additional CoFe₂O₄ pillar orientations with 45° rotation. The nanocomposites on MBE‐buffered Si show very high magnetic anisotropy resulting from magnetoelastic effects, whereas the hysteresis of nanocomposites on PLD‐buffered Si can be understood as a combination of the hysteresis of the Sr(Ti_0.65Fe_0.35)O₃ film and the CoFe₂O₄ pillars.  相似文献   

    

Godfried T. Toussaint 《Pattern recognition letters》1986,4(6):449-451

A linear-time algorithm is presented for solving the strong hidden-line problem in a simple polygon P, or alternately, determining the region in P weakly visible from a specified edge of P. The algorithm combines results from visibility and shortest paths with the linear-time polygon triangulation algorithm discovered recently by Tarjan and Van Wyk. Previous published algorithms for the strong hidden-line problem require O(n logn) steps even after triangulation, where n is the cardinality of P.  相似文献   

    

Laurent Tessier  Ana Lacoste  Henri Doyeux  Serge Salavin  Jiting Ouyang  Thierry Callegari  Nicolas Lebarq  Bruno Caillier  Jean‐Pierre Boeuf 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2003,11(3):551-558

Abstract— In this paper we explain how macro‐cells (real PDP cells scaled‐up a hundred times) with external and removable electrodes have been validated by comparison with real panels and modeling and used to optimize the luminous efficacy of real PDPs. We illustrate the application of the macroscopic PDP tool to optimize the electrode configuration of short‐gap discharges towards higher luminous efficacy, as well as its use in conjunction with 2D and 3D modeling to lower the operating voltages of high‐efficacy long‐gap discharges triggered by auxiliary electrodes.  相似文献   

    

Godfried T. Toussaint 《International journal of parallel programming》1984,13(3):197-217

A class of polygons termedunimodal is introduced. LetP = P₁,p₂,...,p_nbe a simplen-vertex polygon. Given a fixed vertex or edge, several definitions of the distance between the fixed vertex or edge and any other vertex or edge are considered. For a fixed vertex (edge), a distance measure defines a distance function as the remaining vertices (edges) are traversed in order. If for every vertex (edge) ofP a specified distance function is unimodal thenP is a unimodal polygon in the corresponding sense. Relationships between unimodal polygons, in several senses, andconvex polygons are established. Several properties are derived for unimodal polygons when the distance measure is the euclidean distance between vertices of the polygons. These properties lead to very simple 0(n) algorithms for solving a variety of problems that occur in computational geometry and pattern recognition. Furthermore, these algorithms establish that convexity is not the key factor in obtaining linear-time-complexity for solving these problems. The paper closes with several open questions in this area.  相似文献   

  总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Beltran G  Novo M  Guillamón JM  Mas A  Rozès N 《International journal of food microbiology》2008,121(2):169-177

The temperature of a wine fermentation strongly affects lipid metabolism and thus, aromatic profiles. Most of the metabolic studies are done in well-controlled laboratory conditions, yet wine is produced in less-reproducible industrial conditions. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of fermentation temperature (13 degrees C and 25 degrees C) and culture media (synthetic media and grape must) on yeast lipid composition and volatile compounds in wine. Our results show that yeast viability was better at 13 degrees C than at 25 degrees C whichever growth medium is used, but that the complexity of the grape must enabled cells to reach higher viable population size. Viability was also related to the incorporation of linoleic acid and beta-sitosterol, which were present in the grape must. A lower temperature modified the cellular lipid composition of yeast, increasing the degree of unsaturation at the beginning of fermentation and decreasing the chain length as fermentation progressed. We also found that medium-chain fatty acids, mainly dodecanoic acid, were present in the cell phospholipids. Wines produced from grape must were more aromatic and had a lower volatile acidity content than those derived from a synthetic medium. Fermentations that were performed at the lower temperature also emphasized this feature.  相似文献   

    

Robin F  Bovet N  Pineau N  Schuchmann HP  Palzer S 《Journal of food science》2011,76(5):E405-E412

Abstract: Addition of wheat bran to flours modifies their expansion properties after cooking extrusion. This can be attributed to changes in the melt shear viscosity at the die. The effect of wheat bran concentration added to achieve 2 levels of dietary fibers of 12. 6% and 24.4%, and process conditions on the shear viscosity of wheat flour was therefore assessed using an online twin‐slit rheometer. The shear viscosity measured at 30 s^?1 ranged from 9.5 × 10³ to 53.4 × 10³ Pa s. Regardless of the process conditions and bran concentration, the extruded melts showed a pseudoplastic behavior with a power law index n ranging from 0.05 to 0.27. Increasing the barrel temperature of the extruder from 120 to 180 °C, the water content from 18% to 22% or the screw speed from 400 to 800 rpm significantly decreased the melt shear viscosity at the extruder exit. The addition of bran significantly increased the melt shear viscosity only at the highest bran concentration. The effect was process condition dependant. Mathematical interpretations, based upon observations, of the experimental data were carried out. They can be used to predict the effect of the process conditions on the melt shear viscosity at the die of extruded wheat flour with increasing bran concentration. The viscosity data will be applied in future works to study the expansion properties of extruded wheat flour supplemented with bran. Practical Application: Incorporation of wheat bran, a readily available and low cost by‐product, in extruded puffed foods is constrained due to its negative effect on the product texture. Understanding the effect of wheat bran on rheological properties of extruded melts, driving the final product properties, is essential to provide solutions to the food industry and enhance its use.  相似文献   

    

Nicolas Gérard  Aurélie Chanson‐Rollé  Edmond Rock  Patrick Brachet 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2014,58(12):2307-2319

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Aude Ndoti‐Nembe  Khanh Dang Vu  Jaejoon Han  Nicolas Doucet  Monique Lacroix 《Journal of food science》2015,80(7):M1544-M1548

This study aimed at using essential oil (EO) alone or combined EO with nisin and γ‐irradiation to control Salmonella Typhimurium during the refrigerated storage of mini‐carrots. Peeled mini‐carrots were inoculated with S. Typhimurium at a final concentration of approximately 7 log CFU/g. Inoculated samples were coated by 5 different coating solutions: (i) nisin solution at final concentration of 10³ IU/mL; (ii) mountain savory EO solution at 0.35%; (iii) carvacrol solution at 0.35%; (iv) mountain savory EO at 0.35% plus nisin solution of 10³ IU/mL; or (v) carvacrol at 0.35% plus nisin solution of 10³ IU/mL. Coated mini‐carrots were then irradiated at 0.5 or 1.0 kGy and compared to an unirradiated control sample. Samples were kept at 4 °C and microbial analyses were conducted at days 1, 3, 6, and 9. The results showed that mini‐carrots coated by carvacrol plus nisin solution or mountain savory EO plus nisin solution in combination with irradiation at 1.0 kGy completely eliminated S. Typhimurium to under the detection limit during the storage. Thus, the combined treatments using carvacrol plus nisin or mountain savory EO plus nisin coating solution and irradiation at 1.0 kGy could be used as an effective method for controlling S. Typhimurium in mini‐carrots.  相似文献