激光冲击成形钛合金板料W形曲面的质量改进研究

实验以TA2钛合金板料作为试样,研究了激光冲击成形W形曲面的变形特点,分析了曲面底部产生微小鼓包的原因.为了改进成形面质量,提出了在板料与模具之间放置弹性垫,并对使用弹性垫的激光冲击成形W形曲面进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,激光冲击与模具结合可以实现板料的W形曲面成形,W形面底部基本平整,但有微小鼓包;使用弹性垫可以抑制小鼓包的产生,能显著改善W形曲面的成形质量,使受冲击区域更加光滑.     

新型Sb基二类超晶格红外探测器

InAs/Ga(In)SbⅡ类超晶格材料由于特殊的二型能带结构,可以通过人造低维结构获得类似于体材料的带间吸收,从而获得较高的量子效率;另外,通过调节材料参数调节能带结构,器件响应波段可调;通过能带结构设计抑制俄歇复合,获得较小的暗电流和较高的器件性能。因为以上特有的材料性能和器件特性,Sb基二类超晶格在国际上被认为是第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。对二类超晶格材料的设计和器件特性进行了研究,设计了峰值波长4μm的nBn结构的中波红外探测器,在没有蒸镀抗反膜的条件下,77 K温度下测试得到的峰值探测率为2.4×1011cm Hz1/2W-1,计算得到的量子效率为47.8%,峰值探测率已经接近目前的碲镉汞中波红外探测器器件性能。研究结果充分显示了二类超晶格优越的材料和器件性能。     

大型转台的力学仿真和结构优化设计

对大型一维测试系统转台的平台结构进行了强度刚度仿真分析,发现在偏心负载的情况下,局部变形大,应力集中问题突出,存在一定的安全隐患.通过在平台底面设置圆形轨道,并在轨道的8个均布位置设置非线性弹性支承轮提供支撑力,优化了整个平台的受力情况,改变了钢平台在工作中所受的约束条件,大大提高了其动力学特性,保障了转台的安全平稳运行.     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

Chl1, an ATP-Dependent DNA Helicase,Inhibits DNA:RNA Hybrids Formation at DSB Sites to Maintain Genome Stability in S. pombe

As an ATP-dependent DNA helicase, human ChlR1/DDX11 (Chl1 in yeast) can unwind both DNA:RNA and DNA:DNA substrates in vitro. Studies have demonstrated that ChlR1 plays a vital role in preserving genome stability by participating in DNA repair and sister chromatid cohesion, whereas the ways in which the biochemical features of ChlR1 function in DNA metabolism are not well understood. Here, we illustrate that Chl1 localizes to double-strand DNA break (DSB) sites and restrains DNA:RNA hybrid accumulation at these loci. Mutation of Chl1 strongly impairs DSB repair capacity by homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways, and deleting RNase H further reduces DNA repair efficiency, which indicates that the enzymatic activities of Chl1 are needed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In addition, we found that the Rpc37 subunit of RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) interacts directly with Chl1 and that deletion of Chl1 has no influence on the localization of Rpc37 at DSB site, implying the role of Rpc37 in the recruitment of Chl1 to this site.     

Genome-Wide Identification of Switchgrass Laccases Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Heavy-Metal Responses

Plant laccase genes belong to a multigene family, play key roles in lignin polymerization, and participate in the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Switchgrass is an important resource for forage and bioenergy production, yet information about the switchgrass laccase gene family is scarce. Using bioinformatic approaches, a genome-wide analysis of the laccase multigene family in switchgrass was carried out in this study. In total, 49 laccase genes (PvLac1 to PvLac49) were identified; these can be divided into five subclades, and 20 of them were identified as targets of miR397. The tandem and segmental duplication of laccase genes on Chr05 and Chr08 contributed to the expansion of the laccase family. The laccase proteins shared conserved signature sequences but displayed relatively low sequence similarity, indicating the potential functional diversity of switchgrass laccases. Switchgrass laccases exhibited distinct tissue/organ expression patterns, revealing that some laccases might be involved in the lignification process during stem development. All five of the laccase isoforms selected from different subclades responded to heavy metal. The immediate response of lignin-related laccases, as well as the delayed response of low-abundance laccases, to heavy-metal treatment shed light on the multiple roles of laccase isoforms in response to heavy-metal stress.     

A TVD SCHEME FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW COUPLED WITH DIFFERENT TURBULENCE MODLES ON A GROUND- MOUNTED SQUARE-RIB FLOW

A finite-difference Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) numerical simulation model for coupling the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, pressure-relative continuity equation and various k-εturbulence models was developed to solve the incompressible flow based on the pseudo-compressibility method. The hyperbolicity of all these equations was studied and the discretization of the fully coupling equations with all the primal variables and source terms were made in this article. Numerical simulation for modeling the flow around a ground-mounted square rib was implemented and validated by comparing with the published wind tunnel experimental data. It is shown that such a numerical simulation method with a proper turbulence model has a very good accuracy to simulate the flow around a surface-mounted rib. It is concluded that the Renormalization Group (RNG) and Chen-Kim k-εturbulence models have much better ability to predict the characteristics of the vortex structure and flow separation than the standard k-εmodel.     

基于AI芯片的输电通道外破隐患边缘智能监测装置研制及应用

塔吊、挖掘机等外破隐患导致输电通道事故频繁发生,有效地检测输电通道周围的外破隐患对保障输电线路安全稳定的运行意义重大。该文以边缘智能芯片为基础,研制了一种输电通道外破隐患边缘智能检测装置,并提出了一种适用于计算资源有限前端装置的轻量化外破隐患识别方法。利用深度残差网络对输电通道图像进行视觉特征提取;利用候选区域生产网络RPN捕获外破隐患目标的候选区域,再用全卷积神经网络FCN进行外破隐患的目标分类与定位。以实际采集的输电通道图像构建成样本集,进行模型测试与验证,结果表明所提方法在边缘装置中表现出良好的适用性。     

Factors Associated with White Fat Browning: New Regulators of Lipid Metabolism

Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into white and brown adipose tissue based on its colour, location, and cellular structure. Certain conditions, such as sympathetic nerve excitement, can induce the white adipose adipocytes into a new type of adipocytes, known as beige adipocytes. The process, leading to the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, is called white fat browning. The dynamic balance between white and beige adipocytes is closely related to the body’s metabolic homeostasis. Studying the signal transduction pathways of the white fat browning might provide novel ideas for the treatment of obesity and alleviation of obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This article aimed to provide an overview of recent advances in understanding white fat browning and the role of BAT in lipid metabolism.