Novel design procedure of broad-band multilayer antireflectioncoatings for optical and optoelectronic devices

A novel design procedure of broad-band multilayer antireflection (AR) coatings for optical and optoelectronic devices is proposed. The design algorithm is based on the optical admittance detuning, with the bandwidth of finite reflectivity as a new merit function. Coating structures consist of only two materials with nonquarter-wave thicknesses. Numerical mappings on the four-layer structure showed four optimizing regions where an optimized four-layer AR coating on 1.55 μm GaInAs-AlGaInAs MQW semiconductor laser facet was predicted to have a broad bandwidth of 106 mm for a reflectivity of less than 10^-5. TiO₂ and SiO₂ were electron-beam (EB) evaporated to form the four-layer AR coating on glass and InP substrates with an ion-beam assist and a real time in situ optical thickness monitor and experimentally verify its broad-band performance     

Relationship between redistribution rate (RD rate) of 123I-IMP SPECT and prognosis by Barthel index in cerebral infarction]

A comparative study of RD rate and the Barthel index was performed in 26 patients who had cerebral infarction. On 123I-IMP SPECT, the RD rate was calculated as follows, RD rate = (I-II)/I x 100(%). (I = (B-A)/B, where A is the mean count of the low density area (LDA) on brain CT on the early image and B the mean count of the opposite portion of LDA on the early image. II = (B'-A')/B', where A' is the mean count of the LDA on the delayed image and B' is the mean count of the opposite portion of the LDA on the delayed image. delta Barthel index (delta B. I.) was defined as follows: delta B. I. = B. I. (post-rehabilitation)-B. I. (pre-rehabilitation). In the group with B. I. (pre rehabilitation) < 85, the RD rate and delta B. I. were well correlated. In the group with B. I. (pre-rehabilitation) > or = 85, the RD rate and delta B. I. were not correlated. This result suggests that the RD rate might be useful in predicting prognosis and selecting the principle of therapy.     

Polymers degradable under environmental conditions through end-modification of poly(α-methylstyrene) derivatives

To induce degradabilities in polymers in response to environmental conditions, the end-modification reactions of poly(α-methylstyrene) derivatives were carried out. When diphenylphosphine chloride was used as a modifier for the living end of para-substituted PMS, the coupling efficiency was ca. 50%. 2-Phenylallyl halide derivatives such as 2-phenylallyl bromide, 2-(4-tolyl)allyl bromide, and α-trifluoromethylstyrene were found to be suitable end-modification agents. For example, ω-2-phenylallyl PMS was prepared with almost quantitative functionality by the reaction of the living PMS with 2-phenylallyl bromide. In a similar way, ω-3,3-difluoro-2-phenylallyl and ω-2-(4-tolyl)allyl PMS derivatives were synthesized. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, onset of the degradation temperature of the end-modified PMS derivatives decreased in the following order: ω-hydrogen- > ω-3,3-difluoro-2-phenylallyl- > ω-2-phenylallyl- > ω-2-(4-tolyl)allyl-PMS. Actually, the onset temperature of ω-2-(4-tolyl)allyl-PMS derivatives was 50°C lower than that of ω-H-PMS derivatives. These results indicate that the active species is produced effectively at the end unsaturated bond, which initiates the depolymerization of the polymer at rather low temperatures. Ionic degradation of these polymers was also investigated using butyllithium as an anionic initiator and methanesulfonic acid as a cationic initiator. Tendencies similar to the thermal degradation were observed. Therefore, it is concluded that a 2-phenylallyl substituent at the end of the PMS chain induces effective degradation through several mechanisms such as radical, anionic and cationic depolymerization reactions.     

Changes in capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor of water‐treed XLPE with applied voltage

The capacitance C and dielectric dissipation factor tan δ of a water‐treed XLPE sheet sample have been measured under the application of 100 V or 1 kV at 60 Hz. The values of C and tan δ at 1 kV are much larger than those at 100 V. The value of tan δ gradually decreases with the length of exposure to a voltage of 1 kV. On the other hand, C is almost constant versus the exposure time. The results have been discussed on the basis of a model in which filling of channels interconnecting voids by water is taken into account. It has been found that the increase of C and tan δ is caused by the growth of the water‐filled channel region on the application of voltage. The gradual decrease in tan δ with the exposure time is explained by the change in the conductivity of the water‐filled channel region, as a result of which the relaxation time shifts to higher frequencies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(1): 12–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10160     

Gas absorption into “string-of-beads” liquid flow with chemical reaction: application to carbon dioxide separation

This study examines the performance of “string-of-beads” liquid flow on vertical wires as a novel gas-liquid contact device for gas absorption using a chemically reacting liquid absorbent. The string-of-beads flow is a distinct on-wire liquid-flow pattern consisting of annular thin liquid films sheathing a wire and teardrop-shaped liquid beads alternately aligned on the wire at regular intervals. We have performed experiments of CO₂ absorption by an aqueous monoethanolamine solution in string-of-beads flow on a single wire and have developed an analytic gas-absorption model relevant to the experiments. The model well simulates the CO₂-absorption characteristics observed in the experiments, thereby suggesting the utility of the model in predicting the chemical gas-absorption performance of multiple-wire gas-liquid contactors.     

GaInAsP/InP surface emitting injection laser with a ring electrode

-A GaInAsP/InP surface emitting injection laser (lambda = 1.2 mum) with a ring electrode has been fabricated. In this structure we separated the reflecting mirror from the p-side electrode in order to increase the reflectivity. Threshold current was 90 mA at 77 K and the operating temperature has been raised up to -85°C. The cavity length was 7.5 μm and single longitudinal mode operation was achieved.     

Subtlety of the MMPI—2 Depression Scale: A subject laid to rest?

This study was designed to examine the relative validity of the Wiener-Harmon Depression-Obvious (D-O) and Depression-Subtle (D-S) subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2. With samples of psychiatric outpatients classified as depressed (n?=?31) and nondepressed (n?=?44) on the basis of extensive diagnostic interviews, criterion validity was supported for overall Scale 2 scores, as well as those based on the D-O subscale. Concurrent validity was upheld when Scale 2 and the D-O subscale were compared with a standard criterion indicator of depression. Results failed to support the validity of the D-S subscale as a measure of depression in psychiatric outpatients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactivity of anti-AraC-resistant cell monoclonal antibody, YU-311, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of various hematopoietic disorders

YU-311 is a monoclonal antibody reacting with cytosine arabinoside (AraC)-resistant human leukemic cell line and identifies a 92 kDa membrane protein. We have examined YU-311 reactivity with various hematopoietic disorders by an immunohistochemical method and evaluated a correlation between YU-311 expression and refractoriness to chemotherapy, retrospectively. YU-311 reacted with AraC-resistant human leukemia cell lines, in which a 92 kDa membrane protein was identified by Western blotting, whereas drug-resistant cell lines to other than AraC failed to express YU-311 antigen. The frequency of YU-311 positivity was significantly increased in relapsed cases. Only five cases were positive for YU-311 at diagnosis and 24 cases at relapse. Unexpectedly, only eight cases of relapsed leukemia/lymphoma expressed YU-311 and P-glycoprotein simultaneously. Most of the YU-311-positive relapsed cases showed clinical refractoriness for chemotherapy and then failed to induct complete remission or relapsed at short periods with short disease-free duration. These findings indicate that YU-311 expression is closely associated with some aspects of drug resistance, especially with AraC resistance.