基于粗粒度数据流架构的稀疏卷积神经网络加速

卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)在图像处理、语音识别、自然语言处理等领域实现了很好的性能.大规模的神经网络模型通常遭遇计算、存储等资源限制,稀疏神经网络的出现有效地缓解了对计算和存储的需求.尽管现有的领域专用加速器能够有效处理稀疏网络,它们通过算法和结构的紧耦合实现高能效,却丧失了结构的灵活性.粗粒度数据流架构通过灵活的指令调度可以实现不同的神经网络应用.基于该架构,密集卷积规则的计算特性使不同通道共享相同的一套指令执行,然而稀疏网络中存在权值稀疏,使得这些指令中存在0值相关的无效指令,而现有的指令执行方式无法自动跳过它们从而产生无效计算.同时在执行不规则的稀疏网络时,现有的指令映射方法造成了计算阵列的负载不均衡.这些问题阻碍了稀疏网络性能的提升.基于不同通道共享一套指令的前提下,根据稀疏网络的数据和指令特征增加指令控制单元实现权值数据中0值相关指令的检测和跳过,同时使用负载均衡的指令映射算法解决稀疏网络中指令执行不均衡问题.实验表明：与密集网络相比稀疏网络实现了平均1.55倍的性能提升和63.77%的能耗减少.同时比GPU(cuSparse)和Cambricon-X实现的稀疏网络分别快2.39倍(Alexnet)、2.28倍(VGG16)和1.14倍(Alexnet)、1.23倍(VGG16).     

A cross‐cultural comparison of colour emotion for two‐colour combinations

Psychophysical experiments were conducted in the UK, Taiwan, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Argentina, and Iran to assess colour emotion for two‐colour combinations using semantic scales warm/cool, heavy/light, active/passive, and like/dislike. A total of 223 observers participated, each presented with 190 colour pairs as the stimuli, shown individually on a cathode ray tube display. The results show consistent responses across cultures only for warm/cool, heavy/light, and active/passive. The like/dislike scale, however, showed some differences between the observer groups, in particular between the Argentinian responses and those obtained from the other observers. Factor analysis reveals that the Argentinian observers preferred passive colour pairs to active ones more than the other observers. In addition to the cultural difference in like/dislike, the experimental results show some effects of gender, professional background (design vs. nondesign), and age. Female observers were found to prefer colour pairs with high‐lightness or low‐chroma values more than their male counterparts. Observers with a design background liked low‐chroma colour pairs or those containing colours of similar hue more than nondesign observers. Older observers liked colour pairs with high‐lightness or high‐chroma values more than young observers did. Based on the findings, a two‐level theory of colour emotion is proposed, in which warm/cool, heavy/light, and active/passive are identified as the reactive‐level responses and like/dislike the reflective‐level response. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012     

Request for existing experimental datasets on colour emotion and colour harmony

The Technical Committee 1‐86 of the International Commission on Illumination on “Models of colour emotion and harmony” is requesting the submission of datasets for use in developing new models of colour emotion and colour harmony. The data should be submitted to the TC Chair, Dr. Li‐Chen Ou at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012     

Stress singularity analysis in the restorations of premolar class ii cavities

Abstract

This paper presents the singular stress analysis near the apex of a structure formed during dental restoration of a premolar class II cavity. Based on the elasticity theory, the stresses may go to infinity at the junctions of different materials (e.g. dentine, enamel, restoration materials). Tensions will cause material separation and then material fracture. In order to reduce the failure probability, the degree of stress concentration has to be reduced. The stress singularity order and the stress intensity factor are two parameters, which are often used in fracture analysis. The objective of this paper is to find conditions such that non‐singular stress fields are possible. Three critical positions in the restoration structure are discussed.

They are the tips of interface between (1) enamel and restoration; (2) dentine and restoration; and (3) enamel, dentine and restoration. In the last two cases, the restoration may be bonded or debonded to enamel or dentine. After employing Kolosov‐Muskhelishvili complex functions together with the eigenfunction expansion method, the singularity orders are computed theoretically. Weak stress singularity conditions can be sought by properly selecting cutting angles or restoration materials.     

Characteristics of flow field near sea bottom in a combined wave and current motion

Abstract

A reasonable time‐invariant eddy viscosity model is proposed to describe turbulent flow over a rough sea bottom in a combined wave‐current system. The linearized governing equations are solved for the wave and current kinematics both inside and outside the wave boundary layer. The results of velocity profile, friction factor and apparent roughness in a wave‐current motion are presented. The friction factors are shown to be consistent with previous theoretical results for the limiting cases of pure wave and pure current motions. Present results are compared favorably with the available data.     

东营凹陷多薄层低渗透滩坝砂储层分层压裂工艺优化

滩坝砂储层具有纵向跨度大、薄层多、物性差及非均质性强等特征,常规笼统压裂效果差,逐级压裂改造费用高、操作复杂,开展分层压裂工艺优化研究具有重要的生产意义。以东营凹陷滩坝砂为例,针对压裂纵向改造程度低、有效裂缝长度和导流能力不足的难点,首先,通过分层地应力剖面确定、分层集中射孔优化和分层压裂临界施工排量优化,从而优化纵向压裂裂缝参数,提高长井段多薄层分层压裂纵向改造程度;然后,通过对裂缝参数、施工参数、支撑剂和低伤害压裂液体系的优选,实现层内支撑剂铺置优化,提高层内压裂改造程度。在滨438井区的分层压裂现场应用结果表明,实施分层压裂3个月,平均产油量是邻井常规笼统压裂产油量的2.2倍,充分说明了该方法的有效性。     

历史文化街区更新改造的思考与探索——以昌华大街片区北片更新改造为例

本文通过对广州市昌华大街片区北片的现状及存在问题进行梳理．提出该历史文化街区规划和建筑的更新改造策略，以及关于公共活动空间的思考，以期对同类问题与策略南所借鉴，     

Changes of porcine pancreas α‐amylase in activity and secondary conformations under inhibition of tea polyphenols

To investigate two‐sided functions of tea polyphenols (TP) in antinutrition and energy balance modulation, TP were extracted from Chinese green tea and used to complex porcine pancreas α‐amylase (PPA). Changes of PPA in activity and secondary conformations were analysed. Porcine pancreas α‐amylase was found sensitive to TP treatment. Tea polyphenols exhibited IC₅₀ at 0.41 mg mL^?1 against PPA and maximum inhibitory rate (98.17%) at 3.0 mg mL^?1. Tea polyphenols inhibition was concluded as noncompetitive pattern based on its unchanged Km value (0.98 mg mL^?1) for soluble starch substrate. Tea polyphenols inhibition arose from pH 1.5 to 10.14, covering gastric and intestinal environments inside body. Circular dichroism spectra analysis revealed regular changes of PPA in secondary conformations (increased proportions of α‐helix and β‐sheet) prior to its inactivation at low TP concentrations. Tea polyphenols‐inhibited PPA had distinct double‐negative peaks at 204 nm and 208 nm. Porcine pancreas α‐amylase was inactivated by TP in ways of complexation and modification of secondary conformations.     

低成本便携式多光谱成像系统的研发及优化

目的 针对现有多光谱成像系统存在成本高、结构复杂、操作难度大和响应速度慢等问题。因此，本文提出了一种基于脉冲调制的低成本便携式多光谱成像系统，并采用客观图像质量评估（image quality assessment，IQA）的方法对其系统参数进行优化。方法 该系统主要由光源模块、控制模块、图像采集模块和图像分析模块4部分组成。光源模块采用9个波长的LED （light emitting diode）阵列，其中心波长为365 nm、390 nm、460 nm、515 nm、585 nm、620 nm、650 nm、730 nm和840 nm；控制模块主要包括LED驱动电路和USB （universal serial bus）电源，可以通过发送一定时间间隔的脉冲波来分时点亮LED，并通过一定阻抗匹配使LED发光强度达到最大值；图像采集模块主要使用去除红外截止滤波片的高清红外工业相机，该相机的最佳光谱感应范围包含所选的9个LED灯珠的中心波长；图像分析模块主要执行客观图像质量评估算法。系统执行时，STC89C51单片机发射周期为T的脉冲波来驱动9种不同波长的LED分时点亮。然后，计算机平台调用高清红外相机模组，以相匹配的间隔捕获多光谱图像。在系统拍摄参数优化实验中，本文采用模糊度和清晰度评价指标对所获得的多光谱图像从相机拍摄时间间隔、相机拍摄距离和光照强度3个角度进行质量评估，进而获得较优的系统成像参数。结果 通过改变系统拍摄参数，对3个场景下的不同拍摄条件所获取的多光谱图像质量进行评估，结果显示：对于本文所搭建的多光谱成像系统，相机拍摄时间间隔与LED灯珠频闪周期同步，拍摄距离为25 mm，光照强度为45 Lux下成像质量相对较好。结论 本文设计并搭建的基于脉冲调制的低成本便携式多光谱成像系统成本低、操作难度小、结构简单、成像质量较好、成像速度较快，可以满足多光谱成像系统大规模推广使用的要求。此外，本文的系统设计方法、设计思路和实验方案等可以为后续研究提供借鉴。     

Measurement of binocular disparity in polarized based stereoscopic display by using digital camera

This work presents an image displacement measurement by using a box pattern and the edge spread function analysis in the polarized based stereoscopic displays. The measurement determines to identify three factors (i.e., box size, image displacement, and spatial frequency response (SFR)) from the box patterns. The polarized based stereoscopic displays might sacrifice pixels for producing 3D images, which might produce errors in the image displacement and then affect the depth perception indirectly. Based on the measurement, the errors can be quantified by using the three factors. Owing to the light leakage distorting the edge spread function to obtain an inferior SFR, exactly how light leakage affects the edge spread function can be resolved on the basis of the SFR results, especially at a frequency (1/display pixel) of 1.9 in the case of the horizontal displacement. Light leakage also induces the error of the box height in even and odd intervals of the vertical displacements more than 2 pixels and 0.5 pixels, respectively. The image displacement measurement provides a simple and comprehensive means of evaluating the optical characteristics, disparity, and sharpness of the stereoscopic displays, via the three factors.