再生混凝土内钢筋腐蚀速率的初步试验研究

在对再生混凝土内钢筋腐蚀速率的试验中,采用盐水浸泡以加速钢筋锈蚀,利用电化学线性极化法对普通混凝土与再生混凝土内钢筋腐蚀电流密度进行对比研究．考虑不同水灰比与再生骨料取代率的情况,得出在相同条件下,再生混凝土内钢筋腐蚀速度高于普通混凝土;随着水灰比的减小,再生混凝土内钢筋腐蚀速度减小;随着再生骨料取代率的提高,腐蚀速度加大．     

方形气固流化床从鼓泡到湍动流型转变的实验研究

在368mm×368 mm方形气固床中对FCC颗粒进行流态化实验,研究了从鼓泡到湍动的流型转变行为及相关问题.实验测试了多个床层截面的压差波动,由波动标准差随表观气速变化的最大值获得了流型转变速度Uc.结果表明,方形床中的流态化平均行为在床层截面纵横两个方向一致,沿床层轴向呈现不均匀性,底部存在颗粒密相区;不同床层截面转变速度Uc不同,由床层上部向下扩展,Uc呈线性增加关系,说明流型转变至上而下进行;静床高度对Uc影响显著,静床高度增加,床层轴向各截面Uc相应增加;以上结果表明了目前仅与气固物性参数相关联的Uc预测模型有待改进.     

基于多层动态索引的相似炉型检索方法研究

针对炉型设计涉及的原始数据量庞大,合理炉型的界定范围广,界限模糊等问题,提出应用基于实例的推理方法辅助炉型初始方案的生成.分析了高炉炉型设计的特征属性,并建立了层次结构,针对其特征索引较多,权重系数小,检索效率低等问题,建立一种多层动态索引策略来改进传统的最近邻法,实现了炉型初始设计方案的智能生成.从而提高了相似实例检索的准确性和有效性,为后续对比调整提供了具有可比性和高参考价值的设计方案.     

农村政治学的个案研究方法述评

政治学者进入农村,首选的就是个案研究.从数量来看,可分为单个案和多个案;从时间来看,可分为共时和历时;从范围来看.可分为特殊性和普遍性.在中国本土政治学者进入农村之前,社会学者、人类学者和海外学者早已在农村收获了丰富的理论成果,起步较晚的本土学者一方面学习借鉴了他们的研究方法,另一方面又发展出具有自身学科特色的研究方法.     

改进鱼眼变换技术的图像适应

目的 为解决目前基于鱼眼变换技术的图像适应方法难以解决的焦点检测和多焦点冲突两大问题,提出一种基于改进鱼眼变换技术的图像适应方法。方法 提出的方法根据源图像的能量计算出图像中所有最优高能量线并组成高能量线集合,作为源图像的高能量部分,即图像的焦点区域;以能量线而不是传统的图像区域为单位进行鱼眼变换以得到目标图像。结果 改变鱼眼变换技术的变换模式并应用于图像适应中,实验结果表明,本文方法解决了基于鱼眼变换技术的图像适应方法存在的问题,通过本文算法所得到的目标图像具有较好的视觉效果,用户满意度接近4分。算法运行速度较快,将源图像(512×384)长度缩小一半的情况下仅需6 s的运算时间。结论 本文方法一方面保留了鱼眼变换图像适应方法的优势,在突出显示图像重要部分的同时,不会忽略图像的次要部分;另一方面解决了鱼眼变换图像适应方法存在的焦点检测和多焦点冲突问题。实现效果和用户主观评价结果表明,该方法是一种有效可行的图像适应方法。     

凹凸棒石粘土悬浮液的悬浮性研究

研究了凹凸棒石粘土尺寸、悬浮液浓度、分散时间等因素对凹凸棒石粘土水和乙醇悬浮液悬浮性的影响,试验结果表明:凹凸棒石粘土水悬浮液的悬浮性显著高于乙醇悬浮液的悬浮性;水悬浮液中凹凸棒石粘土长度在38μm和71μm之间对悬浮性影响不大;使用50 W功率的超声波发生器分别分散10 min和15 min可以使凹凸棒石粘土分别在水和乙醇介质中充分分散;悬浮剂浓度为5 g/150 mL时水悬浮液的悬浮性最好。     

Applications of rheological torque–time curves to the study of thermooxidative degradation of polypropylene powder

The torque–time curves of polypropylene (PP) powder treated under various thermooxidative degradation conditions were obtained through processing in the mixing chamber of a rheometer. Meanwhile, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the corresponding samples were determined, and the quantitative analysis of the carbonyl indices of the FTIR spectra of the samples of the PP powder was carried out to provide evidence for the rheological characterization. PP granules, to which an antideteriorant was added before they were commercially supplied so good antidegradation could be achieved, was investigated for the sake of contrast. The analysis of the experimental results showed that the height of the torque–time curve of the PP powder and the corresponding value of the equilibrium torque could be used to characterize or evaluate the variations of the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder. Under the same processing conditions, the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque decreased with the enhancement of the thermooxidative degradation treatment before mixing; on the contrary, the heights and areas of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl groups in the FTIR spectra of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the carbonyl index increased. The quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra provided evidence for the conclusion that the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder and the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque could be used to characterize or evaluate the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder. If the treatment under thermooxidative degradation conditions weakened or the degradation of the PP powder just began (i.e., in the viscosity range for processability), the evaluation method using the heights of the torque–time curves of the PP powder or the corresponding values of the equilibrium torque could provide more sensitivity than the method using the values of the carbonyl index. Consequently, the method using the heights of the torque–time curves to evaluate the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder had its advantages. The application of the torque–time curves could be used to evaluate not only the variation of the thermooxidative degradation of the PP powder treated under aging conditions before mixing but also the variation of the degradation, including the mechanochemical degradation, of the PP powder during the period of mixing. The dependence of the variation of the degradation of the polymer on the processing time during mixing could be evaluated by the study of the variation of the torque–time curves. It can be concluded that the application of torque–time curves to the evaluation of degradation of PP powder has the advantages of being convenient, real‐time, in situ, online, and production‐oriented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

基于SWMM与NSGA-Ⅱ耦合的城区雨水泵站多目标优化调控

针对城区复杂水系统中雨水泵站的调控系统性弱和优化时效性慢的问题,将SWMM的水量水质过程模拟与NSGA-Ⅱ的快速非支配排序进行深度耦合,从减缓城区内涝、控制面源污染负荷输出与减低耗电量的角度,建立了多线程并行计算和带有决策者偏好的城区雨水泵站多目标优化调控模型。对天津空港经济区的雨水泵站优化调度进行实例研究,结果表明,与常规调度方式相比,在典型设计降水情景下,该优化模型在不显著增加节点积水累计时间的前提下,减少输出了1383.34 kg的污染负荷,节约了621.92 kW·h电能,求解速率可提升至单线程串行计算的4.2倍。该优化方案充分利用了泵站调蓄池的库容缓冲和水质稀释作用,减缓了场次降水对于城区水环境的瞬时冲击影响,降低了运行成本。     

高分辨力地震是提高中国南方碳酸盐岩地震勘探效能的基础——一个由失败到成功的史例

南方碳酸盐岩复杂地区的地震工作经历了长期艰难曲折的道路,其中异常判别的经验教训极为深刻。本文从地震异常分析入手,揭示其实质,寻求问题的关键,探讨解决的办法,介绍高分辨率地震方法技术,展示高分辨率地震新成果,以得出有意义的结论和建议。     

4G通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计

为了解决在恶劣环境、偏远地区等特殊场合的FPGA远程更新问题,提出了一种基于4G无线通信技术的FPGA远程更新系统设计方法。应用4G无线通信模块实现了更新控制器的通信组网,远程控制器通过4G网络与更新控制器建立通信连接,下发控制命令实现FPGA的远程更新。通过实际测试验证了新方法的可行性、正确性,有效弥补了传统更新方法布线复杂、效率低、距离短等不足,提高了设备维护效率、降低了维护成本,对工程应用具有重大意义。