全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1334篇 |
免费 | 52篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 11篇 |
化学工业 | 272篇 |
金属工艺 | 55篇 |
机械仪表 | 36篇 |
建筑科学 | 108篇 |
矿业工程 | 2篇 |
能源动力 | 65篇 |
轻工业 | 194篇 |
水利工程 | 4篇 |
石油天然气 | 5篇 |
无线电 | 61篇 |
一般工业技术 | 275篇 |
冶金工业 | 72篇 |
原子能技术 | 20篇 |
自动化技术 | 208篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 98篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 88篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 55篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 51篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 45篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1388条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
11.
Existence results for the LQG-controller are investigated. An infimal Riccati equation based controller may potentially give closed loop eigenvalues on the unit circle. Assuming left and right invertibility it is shown that there exists an optimal controller if and only if the Riccati equation based controller stabilizes the closed loop system after removal of all its unobservable and uncontrollable modes. Furthermore this reduced controller is the optimal controller, and its transfer function is unique. This existence condition is a considerable simplification of the more general geometric condition recently derived by Trentelman and Stoorvogel. 相似文献
12.
The mechanisms responsible for correct timing of DNA synthesis within the cell cycle and for limiting replication to one round per cell cycle are basically similar in the two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, despite many differences in detail. In both cases, the timing of initiation and the prevention of additional rounds are controlled by the activity levels of B-type cyclins. These similarities are likely to extend to other eukaryotic organisms. 相似文献
13.
Abstract. Niche companies are per definition idiosyncratic. They survive in a competitive world by mastering a small market niche, providing what their customers need. This often requires a flexible organization, and the ability to customize products. To be more efficient, many of these companies rely on extensive use of IT, often by installing general Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. These systems have grown from isolated systems that handle planning based on incoming orders and the component structure of the various products, to systems with ambitions to embrace the total functioning of the company including vendor and customer relation management. In this paper, we present four case studies. One company is a part of a large enterprise, but performs niche functions within this enterprise. The other three are small- or medium-sized enterprises. Each of these performs in small niche markets. Common to all is the fact that they encounter problems with the utilization of their ERP systems. The major problem seems to be that the ERP system has an inherent business model that may not conform to the needs of the company. Without a good understanding of the underlying models and the constraints under which the fundamental algorithms operate, it is difficult to use these systems correctly. Even excellent systems may give bad results if they are applied to situations where they are not suited. Further, the monolithic structure of an ERP system, with a rather complicated parameter setting, is often insufficient to mould the system to the needs of a niche company. We discuss these problems based on our four case studies, and offer alternative approaches that may be considered. 相似文献
14.
It has been proposed that the immune system can be partitioned into central and peripheral immune systems. Recently, Carneiro et al. (1996a, b) proposed a network, model incorporating B and T lymphocytes that explicitly accounts for that partition. This model however, had some limitations that are tackled here. Two main changes were introduced: the average idiotypic connectivity is now an explicit function of time based on empirical evidence; and the activation of T lymphocytes by antigen is described by a log-bell shaped dose response curve. The new model, which also accounts for the CIS and PIS distinction, shows more reasonable results since the frequencies of tolerant, immune or autoimmune responses to an antigen are now correct. The model provides a new interpretation for tolerance induction during the neonatal period, and for the adult tolerance by low or high doses of antigen. It predicts that natural tolerance for antigens available during the neonatal period can be kept indefinitely upon their removal, while tolerance induced in the adult stages is rapidly lost upon transient removal of the antigen. A semiquantitative analysis of the model provides a simple explanation for the different results in terms of the frequency at which a limited set of canonical connectivity structures emerge during ontogenesis. 相似文献
15.
Martijn J. C. van der Lienden Jan Aten Andr R. A. Marques Ingeborg S. E. Waas Per W. B. Larsen Nike Claessen Nicole N. van der Wel Roelof Ottenhoff Marco van Eijk Johannes M. F. G. Aerts 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
The lysosomal storage disease Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) is caused by impaired cholesterol efflux from lysosomes, which is accompanied by secondary lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Similar to Gaucher disease (GD), patients deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) degrading GlcCer, NPC patients show an elevated glucosylsphingosine and glucosylated cholesterol. In livers of mice lacking the lysosomal cholesterol efflux transporter NPC1, we investigated the expression of established biomarkers of lipid-laden macrophages of GD patients, their GCase status, and content on the cytosol facing glucosylceramidase GBA2 and lysosomal integral membrane protein type B (LIMP2), a transporter of newly formed GCase to lysosomes. Livers of 80-week-old Npc1−/− mice showed a partially reduced GCase protein and enzymatic activity. In contrast, GBA2 levels tended to be reciprocally increased with the GCase deficiency. In Npc1−/− liver, increased expression of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin D, acid ceramidase) was observed as well as increased markers of lipid-stressed macrophages (GPNMB and galectin-3). Immunohistochemistry showed that the latter markers are expressed by lipid laden Kupffer cells. Earlier reported increase of LIMP2 in Npc1−/− liver was confirmed. Unexpectedly, immunohistochemistry showed that LIMP2 is particularly overexpressed in the hepatocytes of the Npc1−/− liver. LIMP2 in these hepatocytes seems not to only localize to (endo)lysosomes. The recent recognition that LIMP2 harbors a cholesterol channel prompts the speculation that LIMP2 in Npc1−/− hepatocytes might mediate export of cholesterol into the bile and thus protects the hepatocytes. 相似文献
16.
Previous studies indicate a suppressive influence of fish oils on rodent malaria. The present work was carried out to study
(i) the dose-effect relation between dietary fish oils and lethality of primary malaria infection in mice; (iii) the modifying
influence of vitamin E; and (iii) the effect of previous fish oil feeding on parasitemia and lethality of a rechallenge infection.
For two or four weeks, groups of weanling male mice were fed a standard laboratory diet or one of eight purified diets containing
various amounts of fish oil (providing 6–21% of energy). The diets were prepared with and without vitamin E. After the two-or
four-week feeding period, the mice were injected intraperitoneally withPlasmodium yoelii yoelii-infected erythrocytes. Six months after the primary infection (four months after discontinuing fish oil feeding), the surviving
mice were again injected intraperitoneally with parasitized red blood cells (or even better—erythrocytes, erythrocytes are
used elsewhere). Primary malaria infection was lethal in mice fed standard diet alone or with fish oil and vitamin E added.
In contrast, feeding a fish oil-based diet without vitamin E improved survival to at least 70% if the mice had been fed these
diets for four weeks. Protection against malaria did not seem to be related to the fish oil dose used. Regardless of the previous
fish oil dose, all the mice surviving the primary infection survived the rechallenge infection with low parasitaemias. The
results suggest that the prooxidant nature of highly unsaturated fatty acids in fish oils may beneficially influence malaria
infection, and may also increase the resistance against reinfection for some time after discontinuing fish oil intake. 相似文献
17.
Nielsen Per F.; Roepstorff Peter; Clausen Ib G.; Jensen Ejner B.; Jonassen Ib; Svendsen Allan; Balschmidt Per; Hansen Finn B. 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1989,2(6):449-457
Californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) hasbeen employed for the characterization of a series of humaninsulin derivatives in order to evaluate the performance ofthis technique as an analytical tool in protein engineering.Several of the characterized modifications result in a 1 a.m.u.mass change. The precision in mass determination obtainableby PDMS analysis is not sufficient for unambiguous verificationof such modifications based on the molecular weight alone. Itis, however, possible to carry out in situ enzymatic digestionof the sample. Subsequent PDMS analysis will in most cases revealif the modification has been introduced as intended. 相似文献
18.
Peter?S.?Piispanen Marcus?Persson Per?Claesson Torbj?rn?NorinEmail author 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2004,7(2):147-159
Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized and some of their surface properties
have been characterized and compared with those of commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The surfactant solubility in water,
ethanol, and dodecane was studied. The properties of these compounds as emulsification agents in systems composed of the surfactant
with water/isopropyl myristate, water/rapeseed oil, and water/dodecane are presented. The aqueous solubility of the surfactants
follows the general trend expected from their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance according to Griffin (HLBG), but it is also clear
that the nature of the headgroup and the structure of the nonpolar part affect the solubility in a manner not aptured in the
standard HLBG concept. An ester or amine group as the connecting unit between the hydrophile and the hydrophobe produces a
more water-soluble surfactant than the corresponding amide derivative. Some effective emulsifiers were found. For instance,
the surfactants with a dehydroabietic nonpolar group appear to be promosing emulsifiers. Most sugar-based surfactants were
able to form macroemulsions of up to around 2 wt/vol% of oil. The stability of many of these amulsions was very high, extending
for months. 相似文献
19.
Enterprise architecture is a model-based IT and business management discipline. Enterprise architecture analysis concerns using enterprise architecture models for analysis of selected properties to provide decision support. This paper presents a framework based on the ArchiMate metamodel for the assessment of four properties, viz., application usage, system availability, service response time and data accuracy. The framework integrates four existing metamodels into one and implements these in a tool for enterprise architecture analysis. The paper presents the overall metamodel and four viewpoints, one for each property. The underlying theory and formalization of the four viewpoints is presented. In addition to the tool implementation, a running example as well as guidelines for usage makes the viewpoints easily applicable. 相似文献
20.
The flame spraying process, which is a common industrial thermal spraying application, has been analyzed by means of three-dimensional
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The process used at the Volvo Aero Corporation for the coating of fan and
compressor housings has been modeled. The process uses the Metco 6P torch (Metco, Westbury, NY), which ejects a mixture of
acetylene and oxygen at high speed through a ring of 16 orifices to form the flame. A stream of argon gas flowing through
an orifice in the center of the ring carries a powder of nickel-covered bentonite through the flame to the spray substrate.
The torch is cooled by a flow of air through an outer ring of 9 orifices. The simulation emulated reality closely by including
the individual inlets for fuel, cooling air, and injected particles. The gas combustion was simulated as a turbulent, multicomponent
chemically reacting flow. The standard, two-equation k-ε turbulence model was used. The chemical reaction rates appeared as
source terms in the species transport equations. They were computed from the contributions of the Arrhenius rate expressions
and the Magnussen and Hjertager eddy dissipation model. The first simulations included several intermediate chemical substances
whose predicted concentration agreed favorably with measurements. Later, more simplified simulations incorporated only the
global chemical reaction involving the initial and the final products, with corrections to the thermal properties being made
to account for the missing intermediaries. The gas velocity and temperature fields predicted by the later simulations compared
satisfactorily to those predicted by the earlier, more elaborate, ones. Therefore, the final simulations, which incorporated
injected particles, were conducted employing the simplified model with only the global reaction. An in-house finite difference
code was developed to calculate particle properties. Allowance was made for elliptical shapes, phase changes, and internal
heat transfer with regard to the composite material. The particle velocities and temperatures predicted by the final simulations
compared fairly well with experimental results obtained with the optical DPV2000 system. 相似文献