PVC基阻尼涂料的制备及其流变性能

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体，对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）为增塑剂，与无机填料CaCO3、钙锌热稳定剂、乳化剂OP-10、润滑剂液体石蜡等复合改性制备PVC基阻尼材料，采用动态流变仪DHR、动态热机械分析仪DMA、扫描电镜SEM等对试样的性能和形态进行表征。运用正交设计探究各组分对性能的影响规律，结果表明，填料CaCO3和增塑剂DOTP比例对其阻尼性能影响最显著；当PVC: CaCO3: DOTP: OP-10比重为45: 33: 22: 2时，25℃时频率0.01～150 Hz范围内，tan δ最大值从0.497提高到0.604；剪切速率0.1 s-1时表观黏度为3738 Pa·s，剪切速率150 s-1时表观黏度为2.19 Pa·s，具有优异的抗流挂性与稳定性。通过LASD形态分析构建微观聚集态模型，提出刚性填料团聚-解团聚和聚合物微球变形对流变性能的作用机理，为LASD的持续研究提供技术思路和理论基础。     

Catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of methane on active carbon. Effect of metal supported on active carbon

Ethane, ethene, ethyne and hydrogen are obtained in good yields via dehydrogenative coupling of methane in the presence of active carbon as a catalyst. The product yield is increased by supporting metal on active carbon.     

粉煤灰填充尼龙6浇铸制品的研究

将粉煤灰用硅烷偶联剂处理后填充到尼龙6浇铸制品(MC尼龙)中,可以改善制品的吸水性、收缩率及热稳定性等,还可以降低成本。该项研究结果有很大的实用价值。     

取代水杨醛Schiff碱金属配合物催化氧化脱硫性能

以水杨醛类Schiff碱为配体,与Co(NO_3)_2、Cu(NO_3)_2反应合成6种Salen(M)型配合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ。以1-己硫醇、二丁基硫醚和2-甲基噻吩为模型化合物配制模拟油体系,考察了配合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ的催化氧化脱硫性能,并分析了配合物结构与氧化脱硫性能的关系。结果表明,6种配合物在75 min时的总脱硫效果为Ⅵ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ,Ⅵ的总脱硫率为31.9%。对1-己硫醇及二丁基硫醚脱除效果最佳的是Ⅴ,脱除率分别为74.2%和65.1%;对2-甲基噻吩脱除效果最好的是Ⅰ,脱除率为26.8%。构效关系研究表明,中心金属离子与O_2的配位能力越强,配体的共轭体系越大、电子云密度越高,配合物的脱硫性能越好;通过IR和离子色谱对单一硫化物模拟油体系氧化前后的产物进行分析发现,硫化物氧化后皆生成相应的砜类或亚砜类,且1-己硫醇和二丁基硫醚被进一步氧化生成SO_3~(2–)或SO_4~(2–)。     

Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. II. foliar nutrient response to fertilization

In the previous paper, we reported the stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during the first 11.5 years of plantation in response to (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with P rates of 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha^–1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg N ha^–1, 50 kg K ha^–1 and 5 kg Cu ha^–1 and (2) application of additional 40 kg P ha^–1 at age 10 years. Here we present the responses in foliar nutrient concentrations of slash pine in the first 11.5 years to the initial fertilization and the additional P applied at age 10 years.Foliar N and K concentrations in the first 9.6 years of plantation decreased with the initial P rate. Application of the basal fertilizers improved foliar Cu concentration. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations increased linearly with the initial P rate. The initial fertilization did not affect foliar Mn concentration in the first 9.6 years. Foliar P concentration increased quadratically with the initial P rate, which accounted for 77–86% of the variation in foliar P concentration. Most of the explained variation in foliar nutrient concentrations was attributable to the plantation age except for foliar P concentration. In the case of foliar P concentration, 53% was explained by the initial P rate, 31% by the plantation age and 2% by the positive interaction between the initial P rate and the plantation age. Foliar P concentration of slash pine at age 11.5 years increased quadratically with the initial P rate and linearly with the additional 40 kg P ha^–1 applied at age 10 years, accounting for 81% of the variation in the foliar P concentration. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that P was the major limiting nutrient affecting the stand growth of slash pine in the first 11.5 years.     

Axial characterization of catalytic activity in close-coupled lightoff and underfloor catalytic converters

A exhaust system consisting of a close-coupled Pd technology 32 in³ lightoff converter and Pt/Rh technology 170 in³ underfloor converter was vehicle-aged for 56000 miles on a vehicle equipped with a 3.8 l engine. Following this aging, the converters were taken off the vehicle and cut into 1″ thick sections along their axis and characterized for lightoff and warmed-up activity using a laboratory reactor to simulate vehicle exhaust. Each section was also analyzed for the quantity of oil additive poisons (phosphorus and zinc) deposited. Following this initial characterization, the phosphorus and zinc deposits were removed, and the sections were characterized again for lightoff and warmed-up activity. This procedure was used to qualitatively determine the relative contribution of oil additive poisoning and thermal sintering to the total activity deterioration as a function of axial position in the catalyst monoliths.

Analysis of the lightoff converter as taken from the vehicle showed a dramatic axial gradient in the lean and stoichiometric lightoff and warmed-up (600°C) performance for HC, CO and NO_x, with most of the deterioration having taken place in the forward-most 1″ section of the converter, which was consistent with the gradient in the deposition of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in this converter. Comparison of these data sets with those obtained after removal of the P and Zn poisons indicates that most of the total deterioration of lean HC and CO activity can be attributed to P and Zn poisoning of the forwardmost 1″ section. When tested under stoichiometric conditions, most of the deterioration of HC activity is attributable to P and Zn poisoning, while most of the deterioration of CO and NO_x activity is attributable to thermal deterioration. A similar activity and poison deposition gradient was detected in the underfloor converter, but to a smaller extent.     

Simulation studies on the fuel electrode of a H2---O2 polymer electrolyte fuel cell

The macro-homogeneous porous electrode theory is used to develop a model which describes the catalyst layer of the hydrogen electrode formed by catalyst particles that are bonded to the membrane. The water transport in the catalyst layer and polymer electrolyte membrane is considered. The effects of catalyst layer structure parameters such as polymer volume fraction, catalyst layer thickness, platinum loading and reactant gas humidity as well as CO poison on the hydrogen electrode behavior are examined. The results show that the catalyst layer thickness has a significant effect on the electrode performance. A thicker catalyst layer will result in a larger ohmic voltage loss and higher catalyst cost. The optimal polymer volume fraction and catalyst layer thickness are 0.5 and 1.5–4 μm, respectively, for this electrode. An optimal platinum surface coverage on carbon need not exceed 20% (20 wt% Pt/C). Larger platinum coverage will increase the cost, but only slightly enhance the electrode performance.     

改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

主要利用混合改性剂，改进生产工艺以及施胶时加入填料等方法研究脲醛树脂胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量，剪切强度、耐水性等问题，得到低毒，综合性能良好的胶粘剂。     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

黑液中的多糖对合成本素胺乳化剂的影响

直接以浓缩黑液为原料，通过环氧氯丙烷引入季铵基团制取阳离子型木素胺乳化剂。对产品和原料黑液做了剖析，证明黑液中的非本素有机物发生了胺化反应．应用试验证明这部分胺化产物具有助乳化和稳定乳液的作用。