Feasibility of fishmeal replacement by shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets

This study provides information on the use of shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate (SPH) as an alternative protein source for tilapia feeding. Six diets (28% protein, 12% lipid) were prepared where fishmeal protein was replaced at levels of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% with the hydrolysate. The diets were supplied to Nile tilapia fry (338 mg initial weight) stocked in plastic recirculating 20 l tanks (10 animals per tank), with three replicates per treatment. After an 8 week experimental period, fish fed the diets containing 10 and 15% SPH showed significantly better performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain (%), mean daily weight gain (mg day^?1), specific growth ratio and feed conversion ratio than those fed the control diet (fishmeal as protein source) and higher‐SPH diets. It is concluded that shrimp head hydrolysate is a promising alternative protein source for tilapia feeding, improving growth ratio at dietary inclusion levels as high as 15%. In addition, the diets with added shrimp silage protein were well accepted by the fish, which avidly consumed the feed during the experiment. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

标识化语言的发展及在电子物流中的应用

重点阐述了XML技术的发展和对EDI技术的有效补充与改进，并展望基于XML技术的电子商务物流数据交换技术的发展前景。     

8Li次级束的产生

在北京串列加速器次级束流线上通过2 H(7Li,8Li) 1H逆运动学反应产生了用于核天体物理研究的8Li次级束。准直后的次级束纯度达到 80 %以上 ,对于 44MeV的7Li强度约为 3 0s- 1·pnA- 1,可以用来进行逆几何转移反应的实验测量。     

蒸汽减压站自控系统的巧设计

蒸汽是石油化工装置中最重要的物料。随着石油化工工业的迅猛发展 ,蒸汽在其中扮演着越来越重要的多重角色。因此 ,对蒸汽系统的平稳控制 ,对石油化工生产装置平稳、高效地运行是至关重要的。传统的蒸汽减压站自控系统基建投资大 ,紧急情况下靠人工手动操作稳定蒸汽压力系统 ,往往造成生产的波动或大面积的停车。针对传统蒸汽减压站自控系统的弱点 ,提出蒸汽减压站自控系统的优化设计方案 ,该方案得以在大型生产装置成功应用。新方案不但节省了大量的基建投资 ,而且取得了良好的生产效益     

NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar

Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H₂/CO₂/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H₂, CO₂ and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO₂. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO₂, N₂O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO₂ addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO₂ quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO₂ produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N₂O and NO₂ mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO₂ quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工业建筑多层框架的活荷载不利布置

以设防烈度为8度的框架厂房为例，详细分析了活荷载不利布置对框架梁、柱内力的影响，得出何时需要考虑活荷载不利布置、何时不需要考虑活荷载不利布置的结论，可供工程设计参考。     

双轴晶体主平面上倍频的相位匹配

从折射率椭球方程和折射率椭球面出发，讨论光束在双轴晶体中传播及偏振的特性、主平面倍频共线相位匹配（PM）问题，得到了双轴晶体主平面内激光所有可能PM倍频的8种偏振组合及其相应的PM角公式、有效非线性（NL）系数deff的一般表达式。结果表明：得到的公式简单，可大大简化PM参数计算及优化设计；折射率椭球面是单层曲面，比双层的折射率面简单；基于折射率椭球面寻找所有可能PM的类型、偏振组合的方法物理图像简明，易于理解，大大降低了双轴晶体PM问题分析的难度。     

激光导向伺服系统中满意PID调节器的LMI设计

利用带有图像处理功能的小型激光导向伺服系统,可以大大降低目标坐标测定仪操作手跟踪动态飞行目标的操作难度,从而提高激光回波率.与经典的矩阵分解方法不同,本文以线性矩阵不等式方法,研究了激光导向伺服系统的满意PID调节器设计问题.首先从约束指标的相容性出发,给出满足与给定圆形极点约束相容的输出方差的取值范围.然后,在此取值范围内,得到了求取同时满足上述两种约束的PID调节器参数的方法.靶场试验结果证明了其有效性.     

An EM‐based adaptive multiple target tracking filter

Tracking targets of interest is one of the major research areas in radar surveillance systems. We formulate the problem as incomplete data estimation and apply EM to the MAP estimate. The resulting filter has a recursive structure analogous to the Kalman filter. The advantage is that the measurement‐update deals with multiple measurements in parallel and the parameter‐update estimates the system parameters on the fly. Experiments tracking separate targets in parallel show that tracking maintenance ratio of the proposed system is better than that of NNF and RMS position error is smaller than that of PDAF. Also, the system parameters are correctly obtained even from incorrect initial values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Monoacylglycerols derived from butter oil by Penicillium roquefortii in suspension cultures

Structural isomers of monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides, MAGs) were identified and compared after degradation of butter oil by two strains of Penicillium roquefortii and a commercial lipase from P roquefortii (EC 3.1.1.3) at pH 7.0 and 10 °C. The conditions were selected as they were comparable with those used in the manufacture of blue mould‐ripened cheese. The commercial lipase was selected to compare with the fungal strains in terms of acyl migration. Results showed that the main isomers formed by lipolysis with the commercial lipase were sn‐2 MAGs (64 mol%), whilst spores and emerging mycelia of P roquefortii produced mainly sn‐1(3) MAGs (83–90 mol%). The work reported here may lead to further assessment of different MAG structural isomers as natural preservatives in foods and dairy products. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry