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101.
Koichi Hatada Tatsuki Kitayama Shigeru Danjo Yutaka Tsubokura Heimei Yuki Kazuyuki Moriwaki Hiroaki Aritome Susumu Namba 《Polymer Bulletin》1983,10(1-2):45-50
Summary Polymer of α-substituted benzyl methacrylate was found to be used as a new type of positive electron-beam resist, which forms
methacrylic acid units in the polymer chain on the exposure to electron-beam and can be developed using alkaline solution
as a developer. The sensitivity was dependent on the bulkiness of the ester group and the number of ?-hydrogen atoms in the
ester group. The sensitivity and γ-value of atactic poly(α, α-dimethylbenzyl methacrylate) were improved by a factor of more
than three over poly (methyl methacrylate). 相似文献
102.
We summarize the reliability growth models for hardware and software systems described by a stochastic process, where the underlying stochastic process is assumed to be a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). The background of reliability growth modelling based on an NHPP is surveyed. The Duane model, which was first postulated as a reliability growth model and is commonly used, is first explained. Secondly, the Weibull growth and modified Weibull growth models for hardware systems and the exponential type growth and gamma type growth models for error detection for software systems are discussed. The parameter estimates can be obtained by maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, the goodness-of-fit tests based on chi-square, Cramér-von Mises and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics are presented for the reliability growth models based on an NHPP. 相似文献
103.
104.
The purpose of this paper is to study the filtering problems from the viewpoint of the information theory. For a linear system it is proved that the necessary and sufficient condition for maximizing the mutual information between a state and the estimate is to minimize the entropy of the estimation error. Then we derive the Kalman-Bucy filter for both the discrete-time and the continuous-time systems by an application of the information theory. Furthermore, the approach is extended to the nonlinear dynamical systems with noisy observations and then the information structures of the optimal filter for a continuous-time nonlinear system are made clear, which has been presented as the interesting open problems by Bucy. 相似文献
105.
Shigeru Imai Satoru Takagi Toshio Iizuka Osamu Sugiura Masakiyo Matsumura 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》1995,10(2):267-281
Two methods are proposed and demonstrated successfully for low temperature atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) of Si, where H atoms play essential roles. The first method is the use of H as a self-limiting factor. Trisilane (Si3H8) was used as source gas and the substrate temperature was modulated in order to alternate steps in an ALE cycle. When the temperature was less than 380°C in the adsorption step and more than 520°C in the desorption step, respectively, the grown layer thickness per cycle was 0.8 ML/cycle. The second method is the use of atomic H as an active reducer of a self-limiting factor. A clean surface was exposed to dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2) as source gas to grow an Si monolayer covered with CI. Next, atomic H was injected to reduce CI from the surface. An ideal monolayer growth was obtained with the substrate temperature over 540°C. 相似文献
106.
Haruo Yoshimura Yoshihisa Endo Shigeru Hashimoto 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(8):623-628
Terminal olefins can be converted into the corresponding sulfonates by sulfonation with SO3 followed by hydrolysis, the products are used as detergent ingredients. Although internal olefins were also expected to be
good feed stocks, it was difficult to convert them into the corresponding sulfonates with as good of a yield as that of terminal
olefins under the same synthesis conditions.
Our studies have been carried out in order to clarify the reason for poorer conversion of the internal olefins. It was found
by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study that the major components of the sulfonated intermediate of internal olefins
wereβ-sultones, the amounts of which were usually very small in sulfonated terminal olefins. A portion of theseβ-sultones was desulfonated, depending on temperature, to the original olefins and the corresponding sulfate salts during alkaline
hydrolysis. The prevention of desulfonation of theβ-sultones in the hydrolysis process was one of the most important aspects for the production of internal olefin sulfonates.
Finally, by keeping the hydrolysis temperature below 35°C, the conversion of internal olefins into sulfonates was achieved
with the same yield as that of conventional terminal olefins. 相似文献
107.
Takeshi Akasaka Wataru Ando Kaoru Kobayashi Shigeru Nagase 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》1993,1(3):339-349
C60 reacts with photochemically generated bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)silylene (1) to give adducts, 2-4, as the isolable products. Spectroscopic analysis and theoretical investigation strongly support the silirane structure 2a, and not the isomeric 1,6-silamethano[10]annulene 2b. 相似文献
108.
A procedure is presented for designing a control system for distributed parameter systems of parabolic type based on the reduced-order decoupled state-space model obtained by a finite integral-transform technique. A Kalman filter is used as an observer to estimate the state variables, and state feedback control is performed. The method was applied to a one-dimensional heat conduction process and a moving bed adsorber. Both state estimation and control performances were satisfactory in spite of the model and parameter uncertainties. Following this controller design approach, the searching algorithms for the optimal sensors' and the optimal actuators' allocation problems were solved. These algorithms were applied to a one-dimensional heat conduction process in order to confirm the state estimator and controller performance. The fastest state estimation could be achieved by assigning the sensors at the optimal locations and the desired state distribution was realized with a few actuators located at the optimal positions. 相似文献
109.
Morita Shigeru Fujita Junji 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》1985,9(4):713-723
X-ray spectra for several elements have been observed from a high-temperature plasma produced in a vacuum spark using a curved-crystal spectrometer. The transition wavelengths of the He-like resonance lines for Ti through Zn are determined for the first time under careful experimental treatments. The result is compared with theoretical predictions. The transition wavelengths of the Fe He-like resonance series lines up to 1s6p–1s2 and the Kβ transition energies of Ti partially M-shell-ionised ions (Ti VI–XIII) are also determined. As a result, several satellite lines are found. 相似文献
110.
Failure strength for circumferentially and axially cracked Type 304 stainless steel pipes is evaluated based on the net-stress approach. Using this approach, allowable flaw sizes for pipes containing circumferential or axial cracks are considered from the leakage and breakage viewpoint. 相似文献