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81.
Effect of silver content on thermal fatigue life of Sn-xAg-0.5Cu flip-chip interconnects 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shinichi Terashima Yoshiharu Kariya Takuya Hosoi Masamoto Tanaka 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(12):1527-1533
The thermal fatigue properties of Sn-xAg-0.5Cu (x=1, 2, 3, and 4 in mass%) flip-chip interconnects were investigated to study
the effect of silver content on thermal fatigue endurance. The solder joints with lower silver context (x=1 and 2) had a greater
failure rate compared to those with higher silver content (x=3 and 4) in thermal fatigue testing. Cracks developed in the
solders near the solder/chip interface for all joints tested. This crack propagation may be mainly governed by the nature
of the solders themselves because the strain-concentrated area was similar for tested alloys independent of the silver content.
From the microstructural observation, the fracture was a mixed mode, transgranular and intergranular, independent of the silver
content. Higher silver content alloys (x=3 and 4) had finer Sn grains before thermal cycling according to the dispersion of
the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound, and even after the cycling, they suppressed microstructural coarsening, which degrades the fatigue
resistance. The fatigue endurance of the solder joints was strongly correlated to the silver content, and solder joints with
higher silver content had better fatigue resistance. 相似文献
82.
Shunji Yunoki Toshiyuki Ikoma Akira Monkawa Kazushi Ohta Junzo Tanaka Shinichi Sotome Kenichi Shinomiya 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(9):2977-2979
Gamma irradiation treatment (GIT) is the most widely used sterilization method for biomaterials in spite of the potential to degrade polymers. The adverse effects of GIT on the mechanical properties and biological stabilities of porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) composites were investigated in this study. Those properties of a porous HAp/Col composite stabilized by dehydrothermal treatment (DHT) drastically decreased by GIT in the same manner as conventional pure Col materials. DHT after GIT could partially eliminate the adverse effects, due to the introduction of cross-linkage among the degraded Col molecules. 相似文献
83.
Thermal properties by DSC, stiffness, melt viscosity, tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical properties were measured for the Na+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ salts of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA). The changes in the structure and properties with increasing neutralization are larger in the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts than in the transition metal salts. The stiffness shows a maximum at 33% neutralization in both the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts, while no maxima are found up to 60% neutralization in the transition metal salts. The microphase separation of salt group aggregates is observed in both the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts, but is not seen in the transition metal salts. These differences were attributed to both the stronger ionic interactions and the larger number of carboxyl groups associated with the alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts in the ordered structure of ionic salt groups (ionic crystallites). The mechanical properties measured at low strain, such as stiffness and yield stress, strongly depend on the degree of the crystalline order of the ionic crystallites. The high-strain properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, depend on the strength of the ionic interactions and the valence of the cation. 相似文献
84.
Colloidal Processing and Mechanical Properties of Whisker-Reinforced Mullite Matrix Composites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshihiro Hirata Shinichi Matsushita Yoshimi Ishihara Hiroaki Katsuki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(10):2438-2442
Aqueous colloidal suspensions in the two systems of CVD-processed ultrafine mullite powder (<0.1 μm), -Si3 N4 whisker and -mullite whisker, were prepared near the isoelectric point of mullite (pH 7.0) to prevent cracking during drying of wet green compacts consolidated by filtration. The freeze-dried porous green compacts were hot-pressed with a carbon die at 1500°C for 1 h at a pressure of 39 MPa in N2 atmosphere. The relative densities of the mullite matrix composites with whiskers of 0 to 10 vol% were in the range of 95.2% to 99.8%. Increasing the fraction of Si3 N4 whisker increased the density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the hot-pressed composites. On the other hand, addition of the mullite whisker increased the fracture toughness but decreased the density and strength of the composites. 相似文献
85.
Jayawardana BC Hirano T Han KH Ishii H Okada T Shibayama S Fukushima M Sekikawa M Shimada K 《Meat science》2011,89(2):150-153
A commercial adzuki bean extract (AE) was evaluated for antioxidant effectiveness in cured and uncured cooked pork sausages. TBARS values, instrumental color evaluation and sensory panel scores were assessed. For uncured sausages, AE at 0.2% was equally effective as 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in reducing TBARS values. Similarly, AE at 0.2% significantly (P<0.01) reduced the TBARS in cured sausages. Incorporation of 0.2% AE into sausages produced higher (P<0.05) CIE lab color a* value and lower (P<0.05) L* and b* values. Sensory panels did not detect any difference in color, odor, taste, flavor, and overall acceptance in uncured pork sausages with addition of 0.2% AE. However, there were adverse changes in the color and odor of cured sausages, even though the taste, flavor, and overall acceptance were similar. Therefore, the results suggest that AE is a potential antioxidant. 相似文献
86.
87.
Noriyuki Miyata Hiroyuki IshiiYuji Urabe Taro ItataniTetsuji Yasuda Hisashi YamadaNoboru Fukuhara Masahiko HataMomoko Deura Masakazu SugiyamaMitsuru Takenaka Shinichi Takagi 《Microelectronic Engineering》2011,88(12):3459-3461
Electrical and physical characteristics of the Al2O3/InGaAs interfaces with (1 1 1)A and (1 0 0) orientations were investigated in an attempt to understand the origin of electron mobility enhancement in the (1 1 1)A-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect-transistor. The (1 1 1)A interface has less As atoms of high oxidation states as probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical measurements showed that energy distribution of the interface traps for the (1 1 1)A interface is shifted toward the conduction band as compared to that for the (1 0 0) interface. Laterally-compressed cross-section transmission electron microscopy images showed that the characteristic lengths of the interface roughness are different between the (1 1 1)A and (1 0 0) interfaces. The contributions of the Coulomb and roughness scattering mechanisms are discussed based on the experimental results. 相似文献
88.
Kameyama S Imaki M Hirano Y Ueno S Kawakami S Sakaizawa D Kimura T Nakajima M 《Applied optics》2011,50(14):2055-2068
A feasibility study is carried out on a 1.6 μm continuous-wave modulation laser absorption spectrometer system for measurement of global CO(2)concentration from a satellite. The studies are performed for wavelength selection and both systematic and random error analyses. The systematic error in the differential absorption optical depth (DAOD) is mainly caused by the temperature estimation error, surface pressure estimation error, altitude estimation error, and ON wavelength instability. The systematic errors caused by unwanted backscattering from background aerosols and dust aerosols can be reduced to less than 0.26% by using a modulation frequency of around 200 kHz, when backscatter coefficients of these unwanted backscattering have a simple profile on altitude. The influence of backscattering from cirrus clouds is much larger than that of dust aerosols. The transmission power required to reduce the random error in the DAOD to 0.26% is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the carrier-to-noise ratio calculations. For a satellite altitude of 400 km and receiving aperture diameter of 1 m, the required transmission power is approximately 18 W and 70 W when albedo is 0.31 and 0.08, respectively; the total measurement time in this case is 4 s, which corresponds to a horizontal resolution of 28 km. 相似文献
89.
90.
Yasuhiro Inatsu M. L. Bari Susumu Kawasaki Shinichi Kawamoto 《Journal of food science》2005,70(9):M393-M397
ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of chitosan, an allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) product, and nisin for the artificially inoculated pathogenic bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus , and Listeria monocytogenes ) or natural microflora of fermented Chinese cabbage. Addition of 0.1% chitosan decreased the population of pathogens from 0.7 to 1.7 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g after 4 d of storage at 10 °C. The bactericidal activity of chitosan was found to be stronger than that of nisin (0.05 mg/g). Addition of 0.2% of the AIT product (containing AIT and hop extract) exhibited a bacteriostatic effect. However, a combination of AIT product and chitosan enhanced bactericidal efficacy against L. monocytogenes . The addition of chitosan or AIT product was observed to suppress the populations of mesophilic and coliform bacteria during storage at 10 °C for 4 d. Moreover, the use of chitosan or the AIT product did not change the sensory quality of the lightly fermented vegetable. Therefore, these results suggest that chitosan or the AIT product could be useful to improve the microbial safety and quality of lightly fermented vegetable. 相似文献