AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagating velocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of the three-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point, dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities are calculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a good agreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method is feasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wide application.     

三水铝石与一水软铝石的自行析出

当把浓铝土矿矿浆加热到160℃时,一水软铝石即析出,并在溶出阶段的热交换器器壁上结疤。在赤泥分离状态下,三小铝石便析出在不含一水软铝石的赤泥里。只有一水软铝石存在于赤泥中,始能析出。在赤泥中含有各种矿物时,针铁矿会对三水铝石的析出显示出最大的种子作用。钙的各种化合物都能控制三水铝石的析出,但不能控制一水软铝石的析出。     

Use of electron microscopy on microstructure characterization of high chromium cast irons

The physical metallurgy underlying the development of cast microstructures in abrasion resistant high chromium cast irons, and their structural modification by thermal treatments is relatively complex. Structural characterisation via electron microscopy therefore has a key role to play in furthering our understanding of the phase transformations that control the microstructures and hence the service performances of these irons as wear parts. This paper shows how both scanning and especially transmission electron microscopy can provide valuable information on the nature of eutectic and secondary carbides and on the matrix structures in these irons. Particular attention is given to current characterisation research on conventionally cast 30%Cr irons that are used for applications involving corrosive wear e.g. slurry pumps and on a semi-solid cast 27%Cr iron that has a potential for applications in industry.     

金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器的发展方向与前景（上）

半导体芯片的生产主要依靠化学机械抛光(CMP)工序使硅片表面平坦化，使复杂的集成电路能非常有效地工作。做为电路设计不可避免地趋向于采用高度集成和多层结构。故化学机械抛光技术必须紧跟其需要与发展。化学机械抛光垫性能的关键是采用金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器工作时，抛光垫工作寿命期间，必须保持恒定的抛光效果。     

NANO-MULTILAYERS WITH HIGH PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING

(FePt/Ag)n nano-multilayers were deposited on MgO (100) single crystal with laser ablation and then subjected to annealing. FePt L1o grains with (001) texture and thus a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the order of 106 J/m3 were formed. A thick Ag layer is found to be favorable for decreasing the dispersion of the easy axis for magnetization. The measurement of time decay of magnetization gave rise to a small activation volume of the order of 10-25m3, showing the promising of being the recording medium for future high density perpendicular recording.     

新型三元复合超导线的发展

在现有的三元复合超导线中,一般是用铜作稳定材料。如果使用高纯铝,稳定性将会进一步改善。然而,由于硬度不同,很难把超导体和铝冶金地合成一体。制造埋置在 Cu—Ni 基体内的铝稳定的多芯超导线就更加困难了。既使制成了线材,因为高导电性的稳定材料本身存在涡流损耗,它也未必适合于绕制变化速度为每秒数十万高斯的脉冲磁体。     

低变质程度煤液化效果的同位素监测

通过在1升的带搅拌的高压釜中使煤的重量浓度从0依次增加到2~(7％)的一系列实验,研究了Vesta次烟煤对Athabasca抽提后沥青(切除了低于350℃馏份)共处理的效果。将Vesta煤与沥青(3.94‰)之间存在的~(13)C/~(12)C比例的差别用作天然同位素示踪,以监测煤和沥青进入每一种合成液体馏份中的比率。通过比较同位素测得的产品中来自煤的比率表明:煤进入到馏出物、甲苯可溶物、甲苯不溶物的比例随掺入的煤量的增加而逐渐增加。煤的重量百分比从15％增加到2~(6％),结果甲苯不溶物增加了三倍。相应地,沥青进入到合成液体中的碳的比例也随煤的浓度而变化。比较沥青加氢处理与共处理中同位素测得的产品量表明:煤的浓度从4％增加到8％,馏出物的量增加14—17％,而甲苯可溶物相应地减少32—49％。煤的浓度为15—26％时,共处理中单独由沥青提供的馏出物无明显增加,而沥青提供的甲苯不溶物的碳的比例从0.9％增加到5.0％。这些结果表明:由5—10％的煤组成的煤-沥青混合物共处理,能够促进沥青馏出物的生成。     

氧化锌粒子的尺寸和形状对橡胶与子午胎用镀铜钢丝帘线粘合的影响

前言在橡胶与黄铜的粘合中,氧化锌起着重要的作用。据Barnhart和Mckinstry报告,掺用10重量份氧化锌的胶料,特别是经停放后,可望获得最佳的粘合效果。这个用量要比它通常用作硫化活性剂的用量,即3～5重量份高得多。     

阳极氧化铝的表面参数对硅酮结构的装锒密封胶长期黏结性的影响(连载一)

硅酮密封胶对阳极氧化铝的黏结质量千差万别.影响黏结性的关键因素是铝材表面的封孔程度、氧化层的着色情况、清洁剂的特性以及基材表面清洁与打胶之间允许的时间间隔.由于清洁剂将有机污染物从阳极氧化铝表面去除的效果不同,所以此效果并不和黏结质量有必然联系.据猜测,吸附在阳极氧化铝表面的清洁溶剂会改善基材表面从而提高硅酮胶的黏结性,但这种改善效果会随着清洁溶剂随时间的的挥发而降低.对于给定的溶剂,最佳的黏结效果取决于材料表面的封孔程度.依照ISO 2143酸刻蚀方法测量材料表面的封孔程度,可以预测未着色的阳极氧化铝基材的黏结性.对于着色的阳极氧化铝表面,依照ISO 2931的测试标准,用电相位漂移方法可以用来预测黏结质量.一种控制阳极氧化铝表面的方法被提了出来,此方法是测量不同频率下基材的电阻抗并将它成功地和硅酮密封胶与该材料表面的长期黏接性联系起来.     

Protein design to understand peptide ligand recognition by tetratricopeptide repeat proteins

Protein design aims to understand the fundamentals of protein structure by creating novel proteins with pre-specified folds. An equally important goal is to understand protein function by creating novel proteins with pre-specified activities. Here we describe the design and characterization of a tetratricopeptide (TPR) protein, which binds to the C-terminal peptide of the eukaryotic chaperone Hsp90. The design emphasizes the importance of both direct, short-range protein-peptide interactions and of long-range electrostatic optimization. We demonstrate that the designed protein binds specifically to the desired peptide and discriminates between it and the similar C-terminal peptide of Hsp70.