Development of the double-rod-type jumper horns in strain assemblies with pipe jumpers for 500-kv transmission lines

This paper proposes double-rod-type jumper horns in strain assemblies with pipe jumpers for 500-kV transmission lines, the structure of which is very simple. It can be estimated that no corona discharge appears on the horns under the line voltage of 525 kV. The arc behavior on the double-rod-type jumper horns is similar to that on the single-rod-type horns. The arc can be held stably for 60 ms against strong wind (10 m/s). The stable duration increases more than 300 ms under windless condition, therefore the horns have been adopted for practical use.     

Optimal order limit policy under cost effectiveness criterion

The reorder point/reorder quantity policies referred as (r, Q) policies are widely used in industry and extensively studied in the literature. It should be noted, however, that the shortage often occurs in practical situations even if the optimal reorder point and reorder quantity maximizing or minimizing any optimality criteria are rationally determined. In this paper, we present a mathematical model to adjust the shortage period by the emergency order. The problem is to choice the timing for the expedited order. Applying the concept on repair limit policy in the context of reliability theory, the optimal order limit policy maximizing an optimality criterion called cost effectiveness is analytically derived in the framework of (r, Q) inventory system. Finally, some examples for stochastic lead times are given to explain the numerical procedure to obtain the optimal policy.     

Transform coding of speech using a weighted vector quantizer

A medium-band speech coder is proposed that uses a weighted vector quantization scheme in the transformed domain. The linear prediction residue is transformed and vector-quantized. In order to control the quantization errors in the transformed domain, adaptively weighted matching is used instead of conventional adaptive bit allocation. Therefore, the residual signal can be reconstructed by the decoder, even if the spectral envelope parameters are destroyed due to transmission errors. This coder is also capable of maintaining higher SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) performance than time-domain vector quantization coders for a wide range of computation complexities and bit rates. Coded speech is natural and unaffected by background noise. The mean opinion score for this coder at 7.2 kb/s is comparable to that of 5.5-bit log PCM coded speech sampled at 6.4 kHz     

Studies on syntheses and permeabilities of special polymer membranes, 32. New preparation method of cellulose membranes

The preparation of cellulose membranes from mixtures of cellulose, nonprotonic polar organic solvents, paraformaldehyde, and basic catalyst was studied. When dimethyl sulfoxide was used as casting solvent, the resulting membrane was the densest. An increase of an additional amount of triethyl amine used as basic catalyst gave denser membranes.     

Studies on syntheses and permeabilities of special polymer membranes. 22. Ultrafiltration characteristics and membrane structure of cellulose nitrate membranes

The formation mechanism of anisotropic polymer membranes formed by a system of cellulose nitrate (CN)/n-propyl alcohol (n-PrOH)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) was investigated. The ultrafiltration characteristics and the membrane structure were influenced significantly by the casting solvents (ratio of n-PrOH to DMF) and the evaporation period during the membrane formation process. The finger-like structure in the sponge layer was observed in all systems except that of n-PrOH/DMF = 2/1 and increased with the evaporation period, after 2 min in the system of pure DMF and after 5 min in the system of n-PrOH/DMF = 1/3. The formation mechanism of the anisotropic CN membranes and the ultrafiltration characteristics were discussed in detail.     

The Measurement of Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity Using a Gradient Threshold Zero-Crossing Method

The conduction velocity of myoelectric potential along muscle fiber is known to be an index of the degree of muscular fatigue or muscular disease. When detecting the myoelectric potential by means of surface electrodes, the conduction velocity must be extracted from an apparently random wave of a myoelectric signal. In this paper, a method for determining conduction velocity is proposed based upon a zero-crossing time delay measurement with reference to the derivative of a myoelectric signal. The slope value of the input signal provides an effective criterion for rejecting undesired zero crossing caused by noise. This method needs no spectral analysis nor correlation calculation. Compared to another previously reported zero-cossing approach using digital filter preprocessing, it shows a more accurate and rapid estimation of velocity.     

Electron microscopic observation of recombinant Escherichia coli cells overproducing human tumor necrosis factor-alpha mutant as inclusion bodies.

Escherichia coli C600 r-m- carrying plasmid pTNF483 (E. coli [pTNF483]) produces a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mutant protein in an insoluble form. A swollen region was observed in the SEM images to encircle the outside of most of the E. coli [pTNF483] cells just like a bandage. On the other hand, inclusion bodies of the TNF-alpha mutant as large as the short axis of the cell were observed in TEM images. This position was regarded as coinciding with the swollen region of SEM images. The inclusion bodies revealed in the swollen region of the cell envelopes were clearly observed in SEM images of isolated insoluble structures obtained by centrifugal sedimentation of a sonicated cell suspension.     

Stabilization of a new antiulcer drug (Lansoprazole) in the solid dosage forms

In the previous study, we clarified that enteric granules were appropriate dosage forms of lansoprazole. The establishment of these formulations, however, was difficult because some of the excipients needed for these formulations are incompatible with the drug. We examined the effects of adding magnesium carbonate as an alkaline stabilizer and could get stable enteric granules. We also discuss the mechanism of stabilization.