Low resistivity transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

A series of AZO films were grown on glass substrates by a method of pulsed laser deposition using a split target divided into AZO (Al₂O₃: 1 wt.%) and AZO (Al₂O₃: 2 wt.%). The film deposition took place at a substrate temperature of 230 °C within a magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the plume. To suppress the droplet generation caused by the intense laser energy, the laser energy density was reduced to 0.75 J/cm² (15 mJ). For an approximately 280-nm thick-AZO film grown at a target-to-substrate distance of 25 mm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of 8.54×10⁻⁵ Ω·cm and an average transmittance of more than 88% in the visible range. In the cross-sectional TEM observation and XRD spectra, the regularity in the crystal growth was generated immediately from the interface between the substrate and the film.     

Generating function of color information detection using genetic programming

This article proposes a function for color information detection using genetic programming (GP). In image-processing, object detection is one of the important processes. In cases where the object has a complex color domain, detection becomes more difficult. We generated a detection function for a complex color domain by using GP. The detection function deals with one pixel of an input image, and it obtains an output image by processing for all pixels. We aimed at a reduction in the time taken by a human to consider an image-processing system design. We applied the generation of GP to detect a target color region in actual images. The results show that the detection function has sufficient ability for these detections.     

Oxidative coupling of methane over CaO-MgO mixed oxide

Mixed oxide catalyst prepared by co-precipitating magnesium oxide and calcium oxide showed an excellent activity for the oxidative coupling of methane. The high performances were presumed to arise from the high basicity of the mixed oxide.     

Effects of Winding Attachment Positions on Output Characteristics of Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machines

The flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) is a new type of multipole SM with nonoverlapping concentrated armature and field windings on the stator. This paper compares the output characteristics of two FMSMs through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In both of the FMSMs, the attachment positions of the armature and field windings are swapped. To determine the reason for the discrepancies in their output characteristics, unsaturated inductances were calculated using a d‐‐q equivalent circuit. In addition, the calculated results of the inductances were confirmed through a visualization of the leakage fluxes using FEA. The results of the study show that the synchronous inductance can be reduced by attaching the armature winding to the air‐gap side of the stator teeth and that the reduction leads to an increase in output power.     

Resonance phenomena of a single water droplet located on a hydrophobic sheet under AC electric field

Resonance vibration of a water droplet located on the surface of a hydrophobic sheet under an AC electric field was investigated experimentally. In order to confirm the effect of the surface property of hydrophobic materials on the resonance phenomena of a water droplet, three kinds of hydrophobic materials, silicone rubber (SR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polydimethylsiloxane-grafted fluoropolymer (PGF) sheet were used. A single water droplet with a volume ranging from 3 to 30 /spl mu/L was placed between parallel electrodes, where a tangential electric field was formed along the surface of the hydrophobic sheet. A water droplet under the AC field vibrates strongly only at a particular frequency range. The resonance frequency, when the water droplet vibrates, decreases with increasing the volume of the water droplet. The resonance frequency on the SR sheet is lower than that on the PTFE and the PGF sheet. The resonance frequency and the magnitude of the deformation of the water droplet depend on the surface properties of the hydrophobic material.     

Stick-slip motion control based on cutter location data for an orthogonal-type robot

In this article, a new desktop orthogonal-type robot, which has the capacity of stick-slip motion control based on cutter location data, is presented for lapping small metallic molds with a curved surface. The robot consists of three single-axis devices with a high position resolution of 1 μm. A thin wooden stick tool with a ball-end shape is attached to the tip of the z-axis. In order to improve the lapping performance, a novel stick-slip motion control method is developed in the control system. The small stick-slip motion is orthogonally generated in the direction of the tool’s movement. The effectiveness of stick-slip motion control is examined through an actual lapping test of an LED lens cavity.