Optimum structural design of CFRP isogrid cylindrical shell using genetic algorithm

This paper describes an optimum structural design of a CFRP isogrid cylindrical shell using a genetic algorithm (GA). When the CFRP isogrid cylindrical shell receives a prescribed uniaxial compressive load, an objective is to minimize weight of the CFRP isogrid cylindrical shell subjected to the constraint conditions of no buckling and no material failure. The buckling and material failure loads were approximated by a response surface method combined with partitioning of design spaces and these approximated values were used in the process of GA instead of FEM calculations in order to reduce the computational time. Furthermore, the differences from the constraint conditions of the linear or the non-linear (local) buckling loads were also calculated and their results were compared with each other.     

Flexible Electronic Substrate Film Fabricated Using Natural Clay and Wood Components with Cross‐Linking Polymer

Requirements for flexible electronic substrate are successfully accomplished by green nanocomposite film fabricated with two natural components: glycol‐modified biomass lignin and Li⁺ montmorillonite clay. In addition to these major components, a cross‐linking polymer between the lignin is incorporated into montmorillonite. Multilayer‐assembled structure is formed due to stacking nature of high aspect montmorillonite, resulting in thermal durability up to 573 K, low thermal expansion, and oxygen barrier property below measurable limit. Preannealing for montmorillonite and the cross‐linking formation enhance moisture barrier property superior to that of industrial engineering plastics, polyimide. As a result, the film has advantages for electronic film substrate. Furthermore, these properties can be achieved at the drying temperature up to 503 K, while the polyimide films are difficult to fabricate by this temperature. In order to examine its applicability for substrate film, flexible electrodes are finely printed on it and touch sensor device can be constructed with rigid elements on the electrode. In consequence, this nanocomposite film is expected to contribute to production of functional materials, progresses in expansion of biomass usage with low energy consumption, and construction of environmental friendly flexible electronic devices.     

Turn on Nanolight in a Tiny Gap

A new low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy technique with laser optics allows for optical excitation and spectroscopy at the level of a single atom or molecule. Shape and material of the microscope's tip prove essential for these investigations; thus, the tip is produced with nanoscale precision by Focused Ion-Beam milling. The localized surface plasmon properties of the tips are engineered by altering the tip structures providing spectral tunability. Local optical excitation is performed by a wavelength-tunable laser source. This tip-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy provides a new approach for the atomic-scale optical characterization of local electron-phonon coupling and could ultimately lead to new nanoscale optoelectronic devices with exceptional high sensitivity and efficiency.     

Technique for detecting flaws in metallic surfaces using an optical system with phase-type blazed gratings

In this paper, we evaluate a novel flaw-detection technique for metallic surfaces based on the use of phase-type blazed gratings. Transparent blazed gratings were prepared by the soft nanoimprint method involving the transfer of a template (a reflective grating structure used for spectroscopy) onto silicone rubber. The blazed gratings were then integrated into an imaging system to observe the reflective metal sample. Due to the low-pass-filtering properties of the gratings, the captured image was notably blurred. This characteristic aids in flaw detection on metallic surfaces because the captured image is adequate to distinguish flaws in the targeted area on the basis of the texture of the rough surface, including any other structures that were unintended. The use of double-sided gratings with crossing grating vectors was found to be efficient for homogenous low-pass filtering. Such flaw-detection techniques are expected to be useful for conducting quality inspections of rolled steel plates since the surface contains both a rough surface and undesirable flaws.     

Evaluation of the safety and clinical feasibility of exercise 99mTc-MIBI SPECT using one day protocol--multicenter phase III clinical trial report

We evaluated the safety and clinical usefulness of the same day protocol of exercise 99mTc-MIBI SPECT in 107 patients with heart diseases. No adverse event was observed except for one case of transient hypotension caused by the exercise. More than 95% of stress images and all of the rest images were judged as "Excellent" or "Good" in image quality. Overall sensitivity was 84.3% in detecting coronary artery disease, and no statistical difference was observed between the results obtained with Re-Ex and Ex-Re protocols. The examination was "Quite Effective" or "Effective" in diagnostic efficacy in 96.2% of the cases. We concluded that the same day protocol is a safe and useful method for diagnosing myocardial ischemia, which provides high image quality and valuable information.     

Editorial: Special issue on multiagent-based system modeling and control practices

Dealing with a large-scaled system as multi-agent system is not a new methodology in system control field. The root of multi-agent system is longer than half century, however, it is recently spotlighted again due to the needs of theoretical tools for dealing with large-scale system such as smart city, global behavior of traffic system, networked systems, and machine learning. Common characteristic of this kind of systems is that the whole system consists of a larger number of autonomous agents which are coupled and connected each other, and the individual agent is under local control but it accomplishes a task as the whole system. This collection of research papers is from the submissions to the special issue with title ``multiagent-based system modeling and control practices''. The aim of the special issue is to provide a stage for both of theorists and practitioners in this field to exchange challenging results in new issues, especially biological, bio-inspired systems, mean-field game, and connected network systems. The collection is divided as three groups: The survey paper by K. Hou et al. presented an overview on recent advances in control and communication of multi-robot swarms. A biomolecular control scheme is proposed in the paper by P. Rong and T. Nakakuki which demonstrated how the dynamic DNA nanotechnology can be used in system control field. The last brief paper of this group is from S. Azuma which discussed the network structure for Boolean network systems. The second group includes three case studies from the view of creating new theoretical tools. The paper by T. Wang et al. proposed an online iterative algorithm for solving multi-agent dynamic graphical games which showd the possibility of online solution of Bellman equation. Y. Du et al. presented in their paper a distributed scheme for ensemble learning under a diffusion strategy which aimed to the classification problem on big data. The paper by Z. Lu et al. addressed a mixed-triggered finite-time non-fragile filtering problem for interval type-2 T-S fuzzy network control systems. The last group of this collection includes three papers with practical background. The paper by J. Zhang and F. Xu investigated the problem of minimizing energy consumption for connected hybrid electric vehicles, and the paper from Q. Fu et al. presented a challenge of applying mean-field game theory to achieve speed consensus for the vehicle driving in a large-scale traffic flow. Targeted on the alternative transportation devices, high-speed train with connected real-time traffic information is addressed in the paper by D. He et al. with energy-efficient receding horizon trajectory planning method.     

4032 ppi High‐resolution OLED microdisplay

A 0.5‐inch Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA) organic light‐emitting diodes microdisplay has been developed with 6.3 μm pixel pitch. Not only 4032 ppi high resolution but high frame rate, low power consumption, wide viewing angle, and high luminance have been achieved. This newly developed organic light‐emitting diodes microdisplay is suitable for Near‐to‐Eye display applications, especially electronic viewfinders.     

Contact-Barrier Free,High Mobility,Dual-Gated Junctionless Transistor Using Tellurium Nanowire

The gate-all-around nanowire transistor, due to its extremely tight electrostatic control and vertical integration capability, is a highly promising candidate for sub-5 nm technology nodes. In particular, the junctionless nanowire transistors are highly scalable with reduced variability due to avoidance of steep source/drain junction formation by ion implantation. Here a dual-gated junctionless nanowire p-type field effect transistor is demonstrated using tellurium nanowire as the channel. The dangling-bond-free surface due to the unique helical crystal structure of the nanowire, coupled with an integration of dangling-bond-free, high quality hBN gate dielectric, allows for a phonon-limited field effect hole mobility of 570 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 270 K, which is well above state-of-the-art strained Si hole mobility. By lowering the temperature, the mobility increases to 1390 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and becomes primarily limited by Coulomb scattering. The combination of an electron affinity of ≈ 4 eV and a small bandgap of tellurium provides zero Schottky barrier height for hole injection at the metal-contact interface, which is remarkable for reduction of contact resistance in a highly scaled transistor. Exploiting these properties, coupled with the dual-gated operation, we achieve a high drive current of 216 μA μm⁻¹ while maintaining an on-off ratio in excess of 2 × 10⁴. The findings have intriguing prospects for alternate channel material based next-generation electronics.