Phase Assemblages of Pr α-sialon Derived from SHS-ed Powders and TEM Study on the Nucleation of Pr α-sialon

The Pr α-sialon powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), consisting of 55 wt% Pr α-sialon and 45 wt% of β-sialon (abbreviated as α' and β'), were hot-pressed at 1800°C for 1 h. The results showed that Pr α' phase would transfer to β' with the appearance of JEM phase (Pr(Si_{6− z} Al _z )(N_{10− z} O _z )) after sintering, thus resulting in the increase of β' phase to 86 wt%. The addition of Y₂O₃ into SHS-ed Pr α' powders as the starting materials restrains the transformation of α' to β' and prevents the formation of JEM phase as well. The nucleation mechanism of Pr α' grain during hot-pressing was investigated in terms of transmission electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. Two nucleation modes of Pr α' grains were found, i.e., nucleating on the undissolved Pr α' grains and on the nuclei of (Pr, Y) α' grains precipitated from liquid phase.     

Flow regime, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge properties in activated sludge bubble column, air-lift and aerated stirred reactors

This paper presents a comparative study how reactor configuration, sludge loading and air flowrate affect flow regimes, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge solids-liquid separation properties. Three reactor configurations were studied in bench scale activated sludge bubble column reactor (BCR), air-lift reactor (ALR) and aerated stirred reactor (ASR). The ASR demonstrated the highest capacity of gas holdup and resistance, and homogeneity in flow regimes and shearing forces, resulting in producing large numbers of small and compact flocs. The fluid dynamics in the ALR created regularly directed recirculation forces to enhance the gas holdup and sludge flocculation. The BCR distributed a high turbulent flow regime and non-homogeneity in gas holdup and mixing, and generated large numbers of larger and looser flocs. The sludge size distributions, compressibility and settleability were significantly influenced by the reactor configurations associated with the flow regimes and hydrodynamics.     

2003年上半年我国染料、有机颜料生产及进出口情况浅析（一）

20 0 2年我国染料及有机颜料生产和进出口数量达到历史最好水平 ,2 0 0 3年上半年虽然经受了SARS的影响 ,但我国染料及有机颜料工业仍然取得了稳定增长的成绩。上半年染料产量总计 19 5 9万t,同比增长 2 4 7%;颜料产量为 4 30万t,同比增长 2 1 6 9%。上半年出口增长幅度减缓 ,染料出口总量为 9 92万t,同比增长 3 1%;有机颜料出口为 4 2万t,同比增长 3 1%。进口基本稳定 ,上半年染料进口量为 3 2 5万t,同比增长 9 1%;有机颜料进口为1 6 9万t,同比增长为 11 5 %。总之 ,上半年主要经济指标完成情况良好 ,进出口数量和经济效益继续保持稳定增长。但染料和纺织品的生产与出口都遇到一定的困难 ,纺织品出口又直接影响染料的内销市场 ,由于内外市场的变化 ,使染料生产和进出口的增长幅度减缓。     

Morphologies-Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bismuth Tungstate Nanocrystals by a Low-Temperature Molten Salt Method

Well-crystallized bismuth tungstate (Bi₂WO₆) powders with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a low-temperature molten salt method. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis, respectively. It was found that the variation of morphology of the obtained Bi₂WO₆ powder mainly depends on the different reaction temperatures and the weight ratio of LiNO₃–NaNO₃ salt to precursor. In addition, the UV-Visible absorption spectra showed that the synthesized powders had strong light absorption properties not only in the ultraviolet light but also in the visible light region.     

Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame‐retardant agents for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb₂O₃ through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1469–1475, 2005     

离心制冷机组冷凝/蒸发系统的化学清洗

针对该厂离心制冷机组冷凝 /蒸发系统严重积垢危及设备安全运行这一现状 ,研究出了一种适宜的清洗方案并成功地应用于现场。为化学清洗技术如何有效地用于制冷行业特殊污垢的处理 ,提供了一个成功的范例     

Relationship of hydrocarbon and source-rock in Nos.3-5 tectonic belts of the Lenghu area, northern Qaidam Basin

Based on analyses of the components of crude oil hydrocarbons and carbon isotopes, the content of normal alkane de-creased from 49.00% to 20.10% when moving from the No.3 to No.5 tectonic belt of the Lenghu area of the Qaidam Basin, while cycloalkanes increased from 30.00% to 52.20% and aromatic and branch chain alkanes increased gradually as well. The maturity of sterane in crude oil is higher than that of its source-rock, which shows that the hydrocarbons were generated from a deep source-rock of high maturity around the tectonic belts of the Lenghu area. The analysis of the characteristics of carbon isotopes also shows that these isotopes of hydrocarbon compounds in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt are apparently heavier than those in the No.3 belt. The results of our research show that the hydrocarbons in the No.3 tectonic belt are mainly from a relatively rich sapropelic substance, while the hydrocarbons in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt originated mainly from organic matter of a rela-tively rich humic type substance.     

金属离子掺杂TiO2光催化材料的光催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备金属离子掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,以紫外灯和太阳光为光源,用罗丹明B溶液为模拟废水,研究TiO2掺杂金属离子催化剂光催化性能,探讨金属离子的半径、价态及电子构型等因素对掺杂TiO2催化活性的影响.     

卡尔曼滤波算法在MEMS热式风速风向传感器中的应用

针对MEMS热式风速风向传感器在实际使用过程中因噪声问题导致输出不稳定的现象,本文首次采用了卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波算法对本征白噪声进行滤波处理,从而优化传感器的输出性能.本文分别通过理论分析和仿真模拟证明了Kalman滤波算法的可行性.实验结果表明,通过调节相关参数,Kalman滤波算法在滤波效果、响应速度及误差上均优于传统的加权滑动均值滤波算法.除此之外,在消耗较少资源的前提下,Kalman滤波算法可以有效减少本征白噪声的干扰,且调节空间较大,可以适应不同的应用需求.