纳米多孔材料炭气凝胶及其在电吸附领域的应用

炭气凝胶作为一种新型具有特殊无定型结构的功能材料引起了各国研究者的极大兴趣.随着电吸附理论的发展,炭气凝胶日益成为具有诱人发展前景的电吸附材料.阐述了炭气凝胶的发展、研究动态及应用前景,探讨了电吸附理论及其基本原理,着重就炭气凝胶在电吸附领域的工业应用进行论述.     

Suppression of CCT3 Inhibits Tumor Progression by Impairing ATP Production and Cytoplasmic Translation in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Heat shock proteins are highly expressed in various cancers and exert critical functions in tumor progression. However, their expression patterns and functions in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unknown. We identified that chaperonin-containing T-complex protein-1 subunit 3 (CCT3) was highly expressed in LUAD cells and was positively correlated with LUAD malignancy in the clinical samples. Animal studies showed that silencing CCT3 dramatically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of LUAD. Proliferation and migration were markedly suppressed in CCT3-deficient LUAD cells. Moreover, the knockdown of CCT3 promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, the function of glycolysis was significantly inhibited and the total intracellular ATP levels were reduced by at least 25% in CCT3-deficient cells. In addition, the knockdown of CCT3 decreased the protein translation and led to a significant reduction in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3G) protein, which was identified as a protein that interacts with CCT3. Impaired protein synthesis and cell growth in EIF3G-deficient cells were consistent with those caused by CCT3 knockdown in LUAD cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated in multiple ways that CCT3 is a critical factor for supporting growth and metastasis of LUAD, and for the first time, its roles in maintaining intracellular ATP levels and cytoplasmic translation are reported. Our novel findings provide a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.     

环评与排污许可相互衔接和促进的思考

近年来,世界范围内的工业化和城市化进程明显加快,环境污染是全球性的危机。在我国的环保工作开展中,环境影响评价和排污许可是有效的环保工作手段,这两种手段的有效配合,分别从准入和运营的角度来实现了污染的有效控制,虽然环境影响评价在我国实施的时间非常长,但是,排污许可却是近年来才出现的,出现时间的不一致导致二者在衔接和促进的过程中面临着较大的困境。因此,针对这一情况,本文充分探析了环评和排污许可相互衔接和促进的策略。     

Impact of surfactants on the lipase digestibility of gum arabic-stabilized O/W emulsions

The bioavailability of lipids from an emulsion can be controlled and regulated by the property of the stabilizing interfacial layer. Here we evaluate how low-molecular weight surfactants including hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Tween 80 (T80) influence the interfacial behavior of lipase and bile extract on the surface of lipid droplets stabilized with gum arabic (GA). The lipolysis behavior was influenced by surfactant type and concentration. The results showed that anionic SDS could completely displace GA from droplet surface. Cationic CTAB might either adsorb onto existing GA layers or displace GA, whereas non-ionic T80 could co-adsorb with GA on the interface. When the concentration of surfactants was much higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), all the surfactants would form a dense adsorption layer on the droplet interface to prevent lipase from the direct contact with lipids. A considerable amount of surfactant in the aqueous phase may also compete with the bile salt and lipase, thus leading to suppressed digestion of lipids. Ionic surfactants would denature the lipase resulting in reduced enzyme activity, and T80 micelles may interact with the lipase, hindering their adsorption onto the droplet interface as well. These results were confirmed both by the digestion model and interfacial techniques. The results provided guidance for the development of emulsion-based delivery systems for functional lipid foods.     

高效液相色谱法测定馒头中过氧化苯甲酰

依据GB/T 22325—2008"小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰的测定高效液相色谱法",针对馒头样品,对前处理方法和色谱分析条件进行了验证和改进,通过大量的样品和加标回收试验,建立了馒头中过氧化苯甲酰的高效液相色谱检测方法。     

避雨栽培对酿酒葡萄果实氨基酸含量的影响

本研究利用高效液相色谱技术,分析避雨栽培和露地栽培条件下赤霞珠和霞多丽果实发育过程中21种氨基酸含量的变化.结果表明:避雨栽培除了显著降低这两个品种的果实中赖氨酸和脯氨酸含量外,对其它氨基酸含量的影响不尽相同.在霞多丽果实中,避雨栽培促进了大多数氨基酸含量的增加,而在赤霞珠果实中这些氨基酸的积累受到抑制.该研究对避雨栽培技术在酿酒葡萄生产中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

Comparison of encapsulation properties of major garlic oil components by hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin

The major garlic oil (GO) components were encapsulated by hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and their encapsulation properties were compared in this study. Our results showed that the optimal conditions for the GO encapsulation were as follows: weigh ratio at 12:88 (GO: HP-β-CD), pH at 5.0, and inclusion time at 4 h. Furthermore, results from the phase solubility curves indicated that two components of diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) had higher water solubility caused by HP-β-CD and that DATS-HP-β-CD complex had higher stability constant (K _1:1 = 6.702 × 10⁵) and more significant change in free energy ( \Updelta G_\textCOMP^* \Updelta G_{\text{COMP}}^{*}  = −3.496 × 10⁴) than DADS-HP-β-CD. These findings indicated that DATS was better suited to be encapsulated by HP-β-CD compared to DADS. The result finally obtained from gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) confirmed the easier inclusion properties of DATS by HP-β-CD.     

Effect of Sorbitol Plasticizer on the Structure and Properties of Melt Processed Polyvinyl Alcohol Films

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) possesses wide applications as food packaging materials, but is difficult to melt process for its strong inter/intra hydrogen bonding. In this work, flexible PVA films with different content of sorbitol plasticizers were prepared by melt processing with the assistance of water. And the influence of sorbitol plasticizer content on the crystallinity, optical transparency, water‐retaining capability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and oxygen and water permeability were investigated. The results indicated that sorbitol dramatically improved the melt processing ability of PVA. Sorbitol could interact with PVA to form strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which would decrease the original hydrogen bonding of the matrix, resulting in the decrease of crystallinity degrees. The glass transition, melting and crystallization peak temperatures decreased with the increase of sorbitol. All the films exhibited fine optical transparency. The water retaining capability were improved with the increase of sorbitol. Especially, an increase in elongation at break and decrease in Young's modulus and tensile strength were observed indicating good plasticizing effect of sorbitol on PVA films. In addition, the PVA films prepared in this work exhibited fine barrier properties against oxygen and water, suggesting wide application potential as packaging materials.     

干酪乳杆菌LC-15的增菌培养基设计及生长动力学研究

对1株具有降胆固醇作用的干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)LC-15的增殖培养基进行了筛选和优化,同时对其在分批培养时的生长动力学进行了研究。所得增菌培养基配方为0.1mol/L pH6.8的Na2HPO4-柠檬酸配制经蛋白酶预水解的10%脱脂乳冻干粉,再添加0.5%的葡萄糖,1.5%的胰蛋白胨,0.3%酵母浸膏,在此培养基中的最大菌数可达8.8×109cfu/mL,分别比MRS及脱脂复原乳中提高了1.35倍和0.75倍。得到的干酪乳杆菌在优化培养基中分批培养的生长动力学模型为:N(t)=3.4088/(1+e3.3560-0.3254t)。     

山楂对果蝇抗氧化相关调控基因表达的影响

以果蝇为动物模型,研究给予不同剂量山楂提取物（0、0.8、4 mg/mL）对果蝇寿命、抗氧化酶活力及抗氧化相关调控基因表达的影响。结果表明：添加山楂提取物可以延长果蝇寿命;体内抗氧化酶活力测定结果显示,添加0.8 mg/mL山楂提取物可以显著升高铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-superoxide dismutase,CuZn-SOD）酶活力（P＜0.05）,给予4 mg/mL山楂提取物可以极显著升高CuZn-SOD酶活力（P＜0.01）和显著升高过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）酶活力（P＜0.05）,且降低丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）水平。实时定量PCR（real timepolymerasechain reaction,real time-PCR）,结果显示,给予4 mg/mL山楂提取物显著上调CuZn-SOD、CAT mRNA表达水平（P＜0.05）;给予0.8 mg/mL山楂提取物磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（phospholipid hydroperoxideglutathione peroxidase,PHGSH-Px） mRNA表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,4 mg/mL组表达水平极显著升高（P＜0.01）。综上,山楂在机体内抗氧化活性可能是通过上调内源性抗氧化酶来实现的。