Instability of plastic flow in mild steel

Plastic flow localization in the yielding of mild steel is theoretically studied in terms of the instability of the uniform mode of yielding. The instability is judged by the small perturbation theory in which the development of non-uniform modes superimposed upon the basic uniform mode is examined. The constitutive equation of rate-dependent type and the criterion of yield initiation at the plastic-zone front are employed as the constitutive relations of mild steel. The results of the analysis show the relation between the instability and the characteristic nature of mild steel.     

Abdominal incisional hernia occurring after an esophagectomy reconstructed with a gastric tube through an antesternal route: report of a case

A Japanese man, who had undergone a subtotal esophagectomy reconstructed with a gastric tube through an antesternal route for esophageal carcinoma 16 years previously, was admitted to our hospital because of an abdominal incisional hernia. The abdominal incisional hernia was in his upper abdomen and was difficult to push back into the intraabdominal cavity by hand. The hernia was successfully repaired by operation. We thus conclude that an abdominal incisional hernia is a rare but important late-phase complication occurring after an esophagectomy reconstructed with either an antesternal or retrosternal route, and an operation should be the treatment of choice.     

Associativity-Based Routing for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks

This paper presents a new, simple and bandwidth-efficient distributed routing protocol to support mobile computing in a conference size ad-hoc mobile network environment. Unlike the conventional approaches such as link-state and distance-vector distributed routing algorithms, our protocol does not attempt to consistently maintain routing information in every node. In an ad-hoc mobile network where mobile hosts (MHs) are acting as routers and where routes are made inconsistent by MHs' movement, we employ an associativity-based routing scheme where a route is selected based on nodes having associativity states that imply periods of stability. In this manner, the routes selected are likely to be long-lived and hence there is no need to restart frequently, resulting in higher attainable throughput. Route requests are broadcast on a per need basis. The association property also allows the integration of ad-hoc routing into a BS-oriented Wireless LAN (WLAN) environment, providing the fault tolerance in times of base stations (BSs) failures. To discover shorter routes and to shorten the route recovery time when the association property is violated, the localised-query and quick-abort mechanisms are respectively incorporated into the protocol. To further increase cell capacity and lower transmission power requirements, a dynamic cell size adjustment scheme is introduced. The protocol is free from loops, deadlock and packet duplicates and has scalable memory requirements. Simulation results obtained reveal that shorter and better routes can be discovered during route re-constructions.     

A Survey of Handover Techniques for Wireless ATM Networks

This paper provides a review and comprehensivecomparison of existing handover schemes proposed forwireless ATM networks. Existing schemes include thoseproposed by NEC, Olivetti, Bell Labs, Cambridge, Stanford, CMU, Berkeley, Michigan, VTT, andColumbia. We highlight the methodologies employed by thevarious schemes and reveal their differences. We discussissues related to the effect of ATM switch architectures on mobility implementation and on futurehandover paradigms.     

cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of horseshoe crab big defensin

A full-length cDNA for horseshoe crab big defensin with a strong antimicrobial activity was obtained from a hemocyte cDNA library. The open reading frame of the cDNA coded for an NH2-terminal signal sequence followed by a propeptide and the mature big defensin. The propeptide is linked to the mature protein through an -Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg- motif, the processing site for Kex2-like proteases. Northern blot analysis revealed that big defensin is expressed in all the tissues tested, suggesting that big defensin plays an important role not only in hemocytes but also in other tissues for host defense. The subcellular localization, determined by immunocytochemistry at ultrastructural level, confirmed the previous findings obtained by biochemical analysis that big defensin locates in both small and large granules in hemocytes. Big defensin is the first example to demonstrate the existence of broad tissue distribution in horseshoe crab.     

Pathogenicity of glycoprotein C-deficient herpes simplex virus 1 strain TN-1 which encodes truncated glycoprotein C

A clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus 1 (TN-1) from a stromal keratitis patient was found to be defective in the glycoprotein C (gC) gene (UL44), thus resulting in the production of truncated gC upon infection. To study the pathogenetic role of truncated gC, we prepared a recombinant LTN-8 derived from TN-1 with deletions of the 1.5 kilobase pairs of the gC gene including the initiation codon. A penetration assay revealed LTN-8 to be less efficient in its penetration ability than TN-1, the laboratory strain KOS and RTN-1-20-3, a recombinant derived from TN-1 with the KOS gC gene. The penetration of LTN-8 was facilitated by the addition of TN-1-infected culture medium. TN-1 virus preparations had no hemagglutinating activity. However, the animals infected with TN-1 did develop hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. The LTN-8-infected animals did not develop HI antibodies. The pathogenicity in BALB/c mice following either corneal, intraperitoneal or intracerebral inoculation did not significantly differ among TN-1, RTN-1-20-3 or LTN-8. Our results indicate that truncated gC was sufficient for the induction of HI antibodies and was also able to facilitate penetration in vitro. Although truncated gC might be a virulence factor acting as a decoy, both truncated gC and intact gC had little effect on the outcome following intracerebral, intraperitoneal or corneal inoculation.     

Thermodynamic modeling of an ammonia–water absorption chiller

This article develops a general thermodynamic framework for the modeling of an irreversible absorption chiller at the design point, with application to a single-stage ammonia–water absorption chiller. Component models of the chiller have been assembled so as to quantify the internal entropy production and thermal conductance (UA) in a thermodynamically rigorous formalism, which is in agreement with the simultaneous heat-and-mass transfer processes occurring within the exchangers. Local thermodynamic balance (viz. energy, entropy, and mass balance) and consistency within the components is respected, in addition to the overall thermodynamic balance as determined by the inlet and outlet states of the components. For the absorbers, Colburn-and-Drew mass transfer equations are incorporated to describe the absorption process. Furthermore, the impact of various irreversibilities on the performance of chiller is also evaluated through the use of a general macroscopic equation.