Mono-aryloxy or mono-alkoxy zirconium complexes/methylaluminoxane catalyst system in ethylene polymerization

Summary Mono-aryloxy zirconium complexes 1–6 or mono-alkoxy zirconium complexes 7–10 were prepared and the ethylene polymerization was carried out in the presence of these complexes/methylaluminoxane. Steric factor of the aryloxy and alkoxy ligands in the complexes remarkably influenced on activity of ethylene polymerization.     

Molecular and Clinical Features of EGFR-TKI-Associated Lung Injury

The tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and anticancer resistance. Non-small-cell lung cancer patients who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and obtained survival benefits had somatic EGFR mutations. EGFR-TKI-related adverse events (AEs) are usually tolerable and manageable, although serious AEs, including lung injury (specifically, interstitial lung disease (ILD), causing 58% of EGFR-TKI treatment-related deaths), occur infrequently. The etiopathogenesis of EGFR-TKI-induced ILD remains unknown. Risk factors, such as tobacco exposure, pre-existing lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and poor performance status, indicate that lung inflammatory circumstances may worsen with EGFR-TKI treatment because of impaired epithelial healing of lung injuries. There is limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-induced ILD in the available literature. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between EGFR-TKIs and AEs, especially ILD. Recent reports on mechanisms inducing lung injury or resistance in cytokine-rich circumstances were reviewed. We discussed the relevance of cytotoxic agents or immunotherapeutic agents in combination with EGFR-TKIs as a potential mechanism of EGFR-TKI-related lung injury and reviewed recent developments in diagnostics and therapeutics that facilitate recovery from lung injury or overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatment.     

A “Maximal Exclusion” Approach to Structural Underspecification in Dynamic Syntax

Journal of Logic, Language and Information - ‘Case’ and ‘grammatical relations’ are central to syntactic theory, but rigorous treatments of these concepts in...     

Prediction of flooding gas velocity in gas–liquid counter-current two-phase flow in inclined pipes

The purpose of the experimental study is to investigate the effects of pipe inclination, pipe length, pipe diameter and surface tension of the working liquid on the onset of flooding of gas–liquid adiabatic counter-current two-phase flow in inclined pipes. Flooding in inclined pipes were observed by using the combination of visual observation, measurement of discharged liquid flow rate and time variation of liquid hold-up. And it was defined as the maximum air flow rate at which the discharged liquid flow rate is equal to the inlet liquid flow rate. As a result we proposed a correlation to predict the flooding gas velocity in inclined pipes under a given liquid flow rate, and the predictions agreed well with the experimental observations.