Precipitation of Hydroxyapatite under Stearic Acid Monolayers

The nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals from solutions with and without Langmuir monolayers of stearic acid (SA) were investigated. The monolayers apparently enhanced the nucleation of HAp. Monolithic, filmlike polycrystalline HAp with preferred orientation of (00l) planes parallel to the monolayer interface was precipitated, while colloidal and powdery precipitation in the bulk solution was predominant in the absence of the monolayer. Geometrical similarity was found between the hexagonal packing conformation of the SA headgroups in the monolayers and the alignment of calcium ions in the (001) plane of HAp. It was suggested that HAp crystals nucleated and grew epitaxially on the monolayer interface.     

TL-10: A programming language for assembly robots

TL-10, Toyoto Robot Language-10, is a BASIC-like robot language. It has functions that define locations and subroutine parameters, which are useful in the accumulation and the transference of robot applied technology. It also has functions to communicate with other computers such as those for vision systems. The important features are described and illustrated by examples.     

Combustion synthesis of single-phase β-sialons (z = 2–4)

Single-phase β-sialon powders (z = 2–4) have been prepared with homogeneous compositions by the combustion synthesis. The raw materials (Si, Al and SiO₂) were combusted under N₂ pressure of 1 MPa. Without using a diluent, the reaction temperatures were very high (>2000 °C) and the combustion products contained Si and Al residues. With addition of commercial β-sialon (z = 1) as a diluent (up to 50 wt%), both the reaction temperatures and amount of residual Si and Al significantly decreased. The combustion reactions completed at 50 wt% dilution, and pure β-sialon phases were synthesized. When the combustion product itself is used instead of the commercial diluent, the phase content of desired z value increased with the repetition times until a single-phase powder is produced. The sinterability of the synthesized powders was then tested using 5 wt% Y₂O₃ as a sintering aid by the spark plasma sintering (SPS).     

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Convective Heat Transfer During Shallow-Depth Forced-Air Drying of Brown Rice Grains

We describe here a three-dimensional (3D) numerical study of the convective thermal transfer during forced-air drying of brown rice grains with the inclusion of moisture evaporation. Three levels of temperature were tested across a range from 40 to 60°C. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature distributions in the drying chamber as well as the surface and intra-kernel temperature gradients during convective drying of rice grains. The numerical model was based on the Navier-Stokes equation for fluid flow and the Fourier's equation for heat transfer. Results of the numerical solution showed that temperature distribution in the air and brown rice grains during the early minutes of drying were significantly influenced by the direction of flow of the heated air. Air gaps between grains and at the periphery of the drying chamber affected the rate and direction of airflow. The temperature history of the rice grains showed variations at different levels within the layers of grains. Moreover, the stream of heated air showed regions with airflows eight times greater than the inlet air velocity.     

通信协议在建筑领域内的应用

本文例举了目前智能建筑领域中的几种控制系统的应用，并根据这些应用阐述了采用开放式系统的重要性。     

Experimental study of the fatigue characteristics and reliability of continuous welded rails

In recent years, joint types in railway superstructure have shifted to continuous welded rails (CWRs), which can be constructed by various welding techniques to form uninterrupted rails several kilometres long. Because of the numerous advantages of this method, CWR systems are highly preferred today for the construction of new railway lines. The increase in the number of trains in operation is inducing fatigue damages, linking to life‐threatening risks in the rails as well as in trains' wheels and axles. In this study, CWR specimens formed by the flash butt‐welding process are investigated. Specimens extracted from rail sections are subjected to four‐point bending fatigue tests to establish S–N curves under various loading levels. The surfaces of those specimens which fail are then investigated in detail in order to determine the initiation points of the failures. The findings provide experimental data on the dynamic life cycle of CWR and identify the failure mechanism of the CWR system.     

Phase Transformation Behavior of a Pyrochlore‐Type CeO2–ZrO2 Binary Compound

The phase transformation behavior of the superlattice structure of a CeO₂–ZrO₂ pyrochlore‐type binary compound (CP) was investigated so as to better understand how to improve the thermal stability of such a system. CP was synthesized through high‐temperature reduction of a conventional CeO₂–ZrO₂ solid solution with a 1:1 molar ratio of Ce and Zr. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected‐area electron diffraction clearly revealed that the pyrochlore structure of CP transformed to the standard disordered cubic fluorite or tetragonal zirconia structure after having been subjected to a high‐temperature durability test; moreover, it was determined that this phase transformation moves inward from the crystallite surface. This discovery suggests a new method by which to improve upon this material for practical applications.     

Viscoelastic flow analysis of surface morphology on injection‐molded polypropylene

The molecular orientation of a frozen layer in an injection‐molded specimen of a polypropylene–rubber blend was investigated. A typical V‐shaped pattern of birefringence was observed from the surface to the core in a crosscut section. From the comparison of the V‐patterns near the gate to the flow end, it was assumed that a frozen layer formed from the surface to a depth of 0.06 mm in a plaque (3 mm thickness) during the injection molding filling process. Numerical viscoelastic analysis of the fountain flow was carried out using an original 2D unsteady flow simulation program and ignored crystallization. A large extensional deformation formed just when the molten polymer contacted the cavity wall and the deformation immediately froze. A layer with a small birefringence between the surface and the shear‐oriented layer was divided into two parts. The depth profile of birefringence was compared to the principal stress difference calculated by numerical analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

综合型设备系统通信网络iopeNet概要

本篇论文介绍的是,将建筑物内部中分散存在的各类机器设备所属的原有网络在上层组成一个可联动的设备系统通信网络,即iopeNet。它具有能够轻松地搭载于嵌入式设备、组成结构重量轻、能够确保设备之间进行实时通信、与Web浏览器之间具有很高的融洽性等特点。     

Continuously Frequency Tunable High Power Sub-THz Radiation Source—Gyrotron FU CW VI for 600 MHz DNP-NMR Spectroscopy

A high frequency gyrotron with a 15 T superconducting magnet named Gyrotron FU CW VI has achieved continuous frequency tuning through the relatively wide range of 1.5 GHz near 400 GHz. The operation is at the fundamental cyclotron resonance of the TE₀₆ cavity mode with many higher order axial modes. The output power measured at the end of the circular waveguide system ranges from 10 to 50 watts at the low acceleration voltage of 12 kV for beam electrons. The beam current is also low. It is around 250 mA. This gyrotron is designed as a demountable radiation source for the 600 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy. The design and operation results of the gyrotron FU CW VI are presented.