利用生物化学手段的香料化合物的生产

大部分的香料化合物是生物体内酶的产物.另一方面,自古以来人类就已利用微生物体内酶的生物化学反应用于发酵.在香料行业运用生物的这种作用,也就是生物化学的手段,尝试香料化合物的生成研究和生产研究.文章例举了由油脂发酵生产甲酮类、利用微生物氧化反应生产γ-十二内酯以及利用微生物还原反应生产δ-癸内酯的制造方法.     

Photochromic nanocomposite films of mononitrosyl complexes embedded in polymer matrices

New photochromic nanocomposite films based on mononitrosyl ruthenium complex [RuCl(NO)py₄]²⁺ have been synthesized by dispersion in polymer matrices. Infrared study under irradiation reveals that the composites present very high population of metastable state (≈45%). Nanoparticles of molecular complex stabilized in different matrices have been observed by transmission electron microscopy.     

Optical Active Nano-Glass-Ceramics

This paper reviews the synthesis and characterization of several transparent glass-ceramics with optical active nanocrystals. Glass-ceramics containing ferroelectric Sr_xBa_1-xNb₂O₆ nanocrystals with an ellipsoidal shape show optical phase modulations in the presence of alternative electric fields. In the glass-ceramics with Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ (BTS) nanocrystals, BTS crystalline layers with a thickness of approximately 120 nm are formed at the surface and ellipsoidal-shaped crystallites with a diameter of 100–200 nm are dispersed in the glass matrix. Some TeO₂-based and GeO₂-based glasses show a prominent nanocrystallization. RE-doped CaF₂ nanocrystals are patterned in a spatially selected region by laser irradiations. The size, morphology, and dispersion state of nanocrystals should be carefully checked in each glass system and composition. The basic concept for the design of glass system and composition is also discussed. Some data on optical active performances in transparent glass-ceramics with nanocrystals were introduced.     

MR perfusion imaging by alternate slab width inversion recovery arterial spin labeling (AIRASL): a technique with higher signal-to-noise ratio at 3.0?T

Object  

To propose a new arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion-imaging method (alternate slab width inversion recovery ASL: AIRASL) that takes advantage of the qualities of 3.0 T.     

Analysis of energy consumption of elevator group supervisory control system based on genetic network programming

Elevator Group Supervisory Control System (EGSCS) is a traffic system, which provides the transportation services for passengers in modern buildings. As the elevator systems include uncertainty due to the future arrival of the passengers, it difficult to model, analyze, and optimize the elevator group supervisory control system. Recently, artificial intelligence technology has been used in such complex systems. Genetic Network Programming(GNP), a graph‐based evolutionary method extended from genetic algorithm and genetic programming, has been already applied to EGSCS. On the other hand, since energy consumption is becoming one of the greatest challenges in the society, it should be taken as one of the criteria of the elevator operations. The elevators with maximum energy efficiency are therefore required. In this paper, the GNP is used to solve EGSCS with energy consumption (EC). Moreover, the idle car assignment has been embedded in the proposed method. Finally, the simulations show that some factors should be introduced into GNP in order to deal with the higher EC in the light traffic of the elevator systems. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Study of the Antioxidative Properties of Several Amino Acid-Type Surfactants and their Synergistic Effect in Mixed Micelle

Cysteine and methionine, two sulfur-containing amino acids (AA), were introduced in their surfactant forms as potential antioxidants. The antioxidative (AOX) properties of lauroyl methionine (C12-Met) and lauroyl cysteine (C12-Cys) was investigated by means of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Both the surfactants exhibited excellent AOX behavior at the premicellar state and micellar medium. The AOX behavior was found to be comparable for both the surfactants at their premicellar states. However, in micellar medium, C12-Met showed better AOX property than C12-Cys. The AOX power of the surfactants was compared with other previously developed AA-type surfactants. The order of the AOX power was found to be: C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine ≈ C12-methionine ≈ C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the premicellar state and C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine > C12-methionine > C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the micellar state. C12-Cys displayed lower AOX property in micellar medium due to its dimer formation tendency. Based on the HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, the dimer formation of C12-Cys was found to be accelerated due to the micellar environment and results into negative synergistic effect on other aromatic AA-type surfactants. However, the presence of C12-His in the micellar solution of C12-Cys resulted no synergistic effect due to stronger H-bonding between the surfactants and resulting less dimer formation.     

Identification of factors that accelerate hydrogen production by Clostridium butyricum RAK25832 using casamino acids as a nitrogen source

The ability of Clostridium butyricum RAK25832 to use casamino acids as a nitrogen source was investigated. Strain RAK25832 showed the capacity to utilize different types of carbon sources. With glucose as a carbon source (10 g/L), the preferred final concentration of casamino acids was 26.67 g/L, with a cumulative hydrogen production, production rate, and yield of 2505 mL H₂/L, 160 mL/h, and 1.81 mol H₂/mol glucose, respectively. Eighteen metal elements were screened to identify the most important metals for biohydrogen production, and four elements were optimized. The optimal medium composition was MgCl₂·6H₂O (0.1 g/L), K₂HPO₄·3H₂O (6.67 g/L), NaHCO₃ (2.6 g/L), and FeCl₂·4H₂O (0.002 g/L). Vitamin supplementation of the medium showed no significant effect on hydrogen production. Under the optimized conditions, cumulative hydrogen production reached 3074 mL H₂/L. This is the first study to demonstrate the use of casamino acids as a nitrogen source by C. butyricum.     

Pressureless all-solid-state sodium-ion battery consisting of sodium iron pyrophosphate glass-ceramic cathode and β″-alumina solid electrolyte composite

In recent years, the expansion of demand for lithium ion batteries has resulted in soaring prices of the constituent resources. From the viewpoint of safety, studies on all-solid-state batteries are actively being carried out. In this study, we succeeded in driving all-solid-state batteries derived from nontoxic oxide glasses at room temperature without requiring scarce resources such as lithium and cobalt. The main structure of the ceramic batteries with a simple structure in which Na₂FeP₂O₇ crystallized glass and β″-alumina solid solution are joined by pressureless cofiring at 550°C. During the crystallization of Na₂O-Fe₂O₃-P₂O₅ glass, fusion with the β″-alumina solid solution is achieved. Reversible charge and discharge of 80 mAh/g were achieved at room temperature. It is not necessary to apply pressure during cell preparation or the use of the batteries. Furthermore, the strong junction at the cathode and electrolyte interface does not peel off during charge and discharge over a long period of 623 cycles. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed partial Fe⁴⁺ induction and a reversible charge and discharge reaction even after overcharging to 9 V. It was demonstrated that Na₂FeP₂O₇ is very stable against overcharging to 9 V.     

ISHIGAKI Retrieval System Using 3D Shape Matching and Combinatorial Optimization

International Journal of Computer Vision - In April 2016, a massive earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 struck Kumamoto region, Japan, causing major devastation. One of the structures that were...     

Current Control Method of Achieving Wide‐Range Power Driving for Linear Synchronous Motor with Half‐Wave‐Rectified Self‐Excitation

In a previous paper, we proposed a novel linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation. A long‐stator‐type linear synchronous motor was built and its performance was verified by experiments. This paper presents a new current control method for the linear synchronous motor in order to achieve a wide range of speeds and high‐power operations. First, we propose a current control method for high‐thrust operation in the constant‐thrust region. This operation is realized by using the reluctance thrust resulting from the saliency of the linear synchronous motor. We also propose a control method that maximizes the ratio of the thrust to the voltage; this method can be used to expand the operating range. Wide‐range‐speed operation can be achieved by applying this new control method along with field‐weakening control. The thrust and operating characteristics of the proposed control methods are estimated by performing experiments and coupled electric and magnetic analysis.