A novel dynamic survivable routing in WDM optical networks with/without sparse wavelength conversion

In this paper, we study the dynamic survivable routing problem, both in optical networks without wavelength conversion and in optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion, and propose a novel hybrid algorithm for it based on the combination of mobile agents technique and genetic algorithms (GA). By keeping a suitable number of mobile agents in the network to cooperatively explore the network states and continuously report cycles (that are formed by two disjoint-link routes) into the routing tables, our new hybrid algorithm can promptly determine the first population of cycles for a new request based on the routing table of its source node, without the time consuming process associated with current GA-based lightpath protection schemes. We further improve the performance of our algorithm by introducing a more advanced fitness function that is suitable for both the above networks. Extensive simulation studies on the ns-2 network simulator show that our hybrid algorithm achieves a significantly lower blocking probability than the conventional survivable routing algorithms for all the cases we studied.     

海洋低温溶菌酶对人脐静脉内皮细胞超微结构的影响

目的:观察海洋低温溶菌酶对体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞超微结构的影响,探讨海洋低温溶菌酶抗肿瘤血管形成的机制.方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,用不同浓度的海洋低温溶菌酶处理24 h后,利用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化.结果:海洋低温溶菌酶处理后人脐静脉内皮细胞出现超微结构变化,包括核内染色质浓缩及边集,胞质内细胞器肿胀和空泡化,呈现典型的细胞凋亡改变.这种改变呈剂量依赖性.结论:海洋低温溶菌酶可引起人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤,导致细胞凋亡,从而可能诱发其抗肿瘤血管生成的作用.     

Authentic delay bounded event detection in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

When using wireless sensor networks for real-time event alarming, it is critical to ensure event notification in a timely manner. Additionally, it is extremely important to ensure the alarms generated by the sensors propagate securely through the network to the sink. Another important factor to consider is energy, as it is a limited resource in wireless sensor networks. Accordingly, maximizing network lifetime is always an optimization goal. To address the aforementioned concerns, in this paper we present the Authentic Delay Bounded Event Detection System (ADBEDS). ADBEDS works in rounds, and in each round an event detection tree is responsible for simultaneously detecting events, routing packets to a gateway node, and detecting injection of false packets. The ADBEDS can support k-watching composite events to allow event detection in a redundant manner. Additionally, the corresponding event alarm can be delivered within a user-specified bounded delay. The use of energy-based keying allows smaller, more efficient keys as input to security mechanisms, allowing further reduction in energy consumption of the ADBEDS. We evaluate the energy efficiency and reliability of ADBEDS using theoretical analysis and simulation.     

长途干线波分复用的技术分析

随着波分复用设备的商用化速度加快及多媒体等各种信息对传输带宽的要求急剧增加 ,中国电信利用波分复用技术对八横八纵光缆中的一部分进行了扩容 ,广泛采用 8× 2 5Gbit s密集波分复用 (DWDM)系统 ,并选用了 4× 10Gbit sDWDM系统进行试验。文中对这两种DWDM系统作一个初步的技术分析。     

(Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2))TiO_3-SrTiO_3无铅压电陶瓷的介电、压电性能

研究了 (Na1 / 2 Bi1 / 2 ) Ti O3- Sr Ti O3二元系无铅压电陶瓷的介电、压电性性。Sr2 的引入对 NBT材料的常温介电系数、铁电相与反铁电相转变温度 TF A(180°C)以及居里温度 TC(30 0°C)的影响都不大 ,但却较大幅度地降低了 NBT材料的高矫顽场 ,从而使极化相对容易。(Na1 / 2 Bi1 / 2 ) Ti O3- Sr Ti O3二元系的压电性能参数 d33和 kt分别达到 10 0 p C/N和 0 .45     

Optimal Stochastic Policies for Distributed Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

The scenario of distributed data aggregation in wireless sensor networks is considered, where sensors can obtain and estimate the information of the whole sensing field through local data exchange and aggregation. An intrinsic tradeoff between energy and aggregation delay is identified, where nodes must decide optimal instants for forwarding samples. The samples could be from a node's own sensor readings or an aggregation with samples forwarded from neighboring nodes. By considering the randomness of the sample arrival instants and the uncertainty of the availability of the multiaccess communication channel, a sequential decision process model is proposed to analyze this problem and determine optimal decision policies with local information. It is shown that, once the statistics of the sample arrival and the availability of the channel satisfy certain conditions, there exist optimal control-limit-type policies that are easy to implement in practice. In the case that the required conditions are not satisfied, the performance loss of using the proposed control-limit-type policies is characterized. In general cases, a finite-state approximation is proposed and two on-line algorithms are provided to solve it. Practical distributed data aggregation simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed policies, which also achieve a desired energy-delay tradeoff.     

基于流量攻击和边失效的复杂网络脆弱特性

基于流量的攻击可能对复杂网络造成严重破坏,现有研究主要针对节点攻击。该文分析了部分边失效时,复杂网络的脆弱特性。此外,分析了时机策略和网络规模对边失效的影响。通过研究节点负载和度分布特点,发现复杂网络的脆弱特性源于其幂率度分布引起的节点负载的极度非均匀分布。仿真实验表明,复杂网络对随机的边失效具有较强的耐受力,但在一定条件下,攻击极少量重要边就可能引发连锁的节点过载失效,而导致网络溃散。     

媒体信息技术在中小学体育教学中的运用

随着我国教育体制改革的不断进步,各大中小学在各个学科的教学过程中也取得了重要的成就。中小学阶段作为整个人生教育的初级阶段,对学生的今后成长和发展具有重要的影响。伴随着媒体信息技术的发展为我国中小学的教学提供了多种多样的教学工具。体育课程的开设对中小学生的体质塑造和发展发挥了重要的作用。因此,笔者在文中针对我国中小学阶段体育教学中存在的问题进行了简单地阐述,并对媒体信息技术在教学中的优势以及应用进行了详细地探讨,希望为我国中小学体育教学提供一定的指导意义和借鉴意义。     

氩离子激光泵浦的掺钛宝石激光器研究

本文报导用氩离子激光连续泵浦的掺钛宝石(Ti~(3+),Al_2O_3)可调谐固体激光器的实验结果。泵浦光为全谱线,基模,激光器采用消象散的折叠谐振腔结构,获得基模激光输出功率0.67W,效率大于10.8％,可调谐范围为735nm～900nm。     

新型陶瓷刀具材料JX－2－I界面结构的实验研究

利用ＴＥＭ和电子衍射图谱分析，研究了新型陶瓷刀具材料ＪＸ－２－Ｉ的界面微观结构。ＴＥＭ分析表明，ＪＸ－２－Ｉ刀具材料的界面结合状态较好，Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｗ界面上形成了具有较高强度的“钢筋混凝土”结构，在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｗ和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｐ界面上没有剧烈的化学反应发生；通过ＴＥＭ和电子衍射图分析，发现在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的晶粒边界上有尖晶石（ＭｇＡｌ＿２Ｏ＿４）生成，这有利于控制Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３晶粒的长大，提高复合材料的强度。