Multifunktionales Batteriespeichersystem

In the national research project “Multifunctional Battery Storage System (MBS)” open questions were answered concerning the technical feasibility and profitability of a grid-connected battery storage system using a vanadium-redox-flow battery in combination with the renewable power generation plants PV and small wind power (Sterrer et al., Multifunktionales Batteriespeichersystem—MBS-Endbericht. Industrielle Forschung im Rahmen der österreichischen Programmlinie Neue Energie 2020, 3. Ausschreibung, noch nicht veröffentlicht, 2013). The technical implementation and the demonstration operation of the pilot plant over a period of two years showed that the battery storage system is suitable for intelligent marketing of renewable energy as well as the provision of system services for grid stabilisation. However, the investigation of different operating strategies of the pilot battery-storage system, a large scale storage system and pooled PV/battery storage systems as virtual power plant for the participation at the energy trading market and energy reserve market showed that all operation strategies being considered in this study may not be profitable in foreseeable future. However, if the costs of the battery storage system can be reduced to about 250 €/kWh until the year 2030, the application of the vanadium-redox-flow battery in particular in large-scale storage plants (e.g. 10 MW, 100 MWh) for the participation at the energy reserve market seems realistic.     

Laterally chromatically dispersed, spectrally encoded interferometer

We present a single-shot line sensor based on spectral interferometry. Light of a broadband laser source is chromatically dispersed by a grating and focused onto a line on the surface such that each focal point on this line is formed by another wavelength. The entire height profile is obtained by applying a phase evaluation algorithm to the registered interference signal, followed by a model-based approach. The sensor concept is finally verified by experimental results.     

Volcanic Ash‐Induced Decomposition of EB‐PVD Gd2Zr2O7 Thermal Barrier Coatings to Gd‐Oxyapatite,Zircon, and Gd,Fe‐Zirconolite

The resistance of EB‐PVD Gd₂Zr₂O₇ thermal barrier coatings against high‐temperature infiltration and subsequent degradation by molten volcanic ash is investigated by microstructural analysis. At 1200°C, EB‐PVD Gd₂Zr₂O₇ coatings with silica‐rich, artificial volcanic ash (AVA) overlay show a highly dynamic and complex recession scenario. Gd₂O₃ is leached out from Gd₂Zr₂O₇ by AVA and rapidly crystallizes as an oxyapatite‐type solid‐solution (Ca,Gd)₂(Gd,Zr)₈(Si,Al)₆O₂₆. The second product of Gd₂Zr₂O₇ decomposition is Gd₂O₃ fully stabilized ZrO₂ (Gd‐FSZ). Both reaction products are forming an interpenetrating network filling open coating porosity. However, first‐generation Gd‐oxyapatite and Gd‐FSZ are exhibiting chemical evolution in the long term. The chemical composition of Gd‐oxyapatite does evolve from Ca,Zr enriched to Gd‐rich. AVA continuously leaches out Gd₂O₃ from Gd‐FSZ followed by destabilization to the monoclinic ZrO₂ polymorph. Finally, zircon (ZrSiO₄) is formed. In addition to the prevalent formation of Gd‐oxyapatite, a Gd‐, Zr‐, Fe‐, and Ti‐rich oxide is observed. From chemical analysis and electron diffraction it is concluded that this phase belongs to the zirconolite‐type family (zirconolite CaZrTi₂O₇), exhibiting an almost full substitution Ca²⁺ + Ti⁴⁺ <> Gd³⁺ + Fe³⁺. As all Gd₂Zr₂O₇ decomposition products with the exception of ZrSiO₄ exhibit considerable solid solubility ranges, it is difficult to conclusively assess the resistance of EB‐PVD Gd₂Zr₂O₇ coatings versus volcanic ash attack.     

Electric field effects on CNTs/vinyl ester suspensions and the resulting electrical and thermal composite properties

In this study, electrical conductivity of a vinyl ester based composite containing low content (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 wt.%) of double and multi-walled carbon nanotubes with and without amine functional groups (DWCNTs, MWCNTs, DWCNT-NH₂ and MWCNT-NH₂) was investigated. The composite with pristine MWCNTs was found to exhibit the highest electrical conductivity. Experiments aimed to induce an aligned conductive network with application of an alternating current (AC) electric field during cure were carried out on the resin suspensions with MWCNTs. Formation of electric anisotropy within the composite was verified. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted to visualize dispersion state and the extent of alignment of MWCNTs within the polymer cured with and without application of the electric field. To gain a better understanding of electric field induced effects, glass transition temperature (T_g) of the composites was measured via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was determined that at 0.05 wt.% loading rate of MWCNTs, the composites, cured with application of the AC electric field, possessed a higher T_g than the composites cured without application of the AC electric field.     

Chemistry effects on the crack susceptibility of structural steels during continuous casting

This work is a review of research results, which have been determined in recent years in order to reveal the effects of the chemical compositions on the high temperature properties of structural steels. Special emphasis has been laid on the solidification structure, phase reactions and precipitates. For this comparison exemplary different structural steel grades have been chosen. The effect of the chemical composition on the solidification structure is shown by increasing Ni mass contents up to 10 %, the influence on the phase transformation is illustrated on the basis of a steel with a Mn mass content of 1.6 % and varying carbon contents. The influence of precipitates has been investigated both on the basis of the Mn/S‐ratio and by microalloyed structural steels with different Nb, V and Ti additions. For all these steel grades the laboratory testing conditions were the same. The high temperature properties of steels can be investigated by high temperature tensile tests; the range of good ductility is determined by the measurement of the reduction of area, e.g. RoA > 50 % or >70 %. The upper limit of the ductility range is the temperature of zero ductility, T_ZD%. The lower limit of the good ductility range is marked by the transition to the ductility minimum II. The experiments for a series of different structural steels show that the hot ductility properties are affected by the metallurgical phenomena mentioned before.     

Determination of crash‐relevant material parameters by dynamic tensile tests

The mechanical properties of eight different steels, representing the wide range of steels for automotive application, are determined by accomplishing high speed tensile tests using flat sheet specimens. The steels chosen for investigations are deep drawing grade DC04, high strength steel ZStE340, three dual phase steels with strengths of 600, 800 and 1000 MPa, a TRIP steel and two austenitic stainless steels 1.4301 and 1.4318. Tests are carried out at five different strain rates within the range of 5‐10^?3 and 200 s^?1, all at room temperature. The results show different strain rate sensitivities according to the different grades of steel. The TRIP steel and both stainless steels show a great potential for energy consumption, when tested at high strain rates.     

Correspondence effects with manual gestures and postures: A study of imitation.

In this study, the authors applied methods and theories from research of stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) to action imitation. In 6 experiments, they adopted the logic of the Simon paradigm (B. Hommel & W. Prinz, 1996) to explore interference between task-relevant symbolic stimulus features (color) and task-irrelevant iconic stimulus features (2 hand gestures and 2 postures). The same 2 hand gestures served as responses. Pronounced correspondence effects for both gestures and postures showed up throughout. In line with theories of SRC, the authors account for these correspondence effects in terms of overlap arising between stimulus and response features in a common representational domain. As a specific extension of this approach, they propose 2 functionally independent mechanisms: One operates movement-based when dynamic information is provided, and the other operates state-based with static postures as stimuli. Implications for theories of both SRC and action imitation are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)