Influence of the second phase on the room-temperature tensile and creep deformation mechanisms of α-β titanium alloys: Part I. Tensile deformation

The effects of α and β phase interactions on the room-temperature tensile and creep deformation behavior of α + β titanium alloys with Widmanst?tten microstructures were studied using Ti-6.0 wt pct Mn and Ti-8.1 wt pct V as the model two-phase alloy systems. This article, Part I, deals with tensile deformation. It was found that when the α phase is present as thin (<10-μm) plates in the α + β alloys, significant twinning occurs. No significant twinning was observed in single-phase alloys with the same chemistry and similar grain size. Additionally, the β phase of Ti-8.1 V deforms by stress-induced hexagonal martensite (α′), while only twinning occurs in the single-phase β alloy with the same chemistry. Twinning in the α phase in association with stress-induced martensite (SIM) in the β phase was observed for the first time in a two-phase titanium alloy. This behavior is explained in terms of a number of factors including elastic interaction stresses between the α and β phases, coherency between the α phase and hexagonal martensite, and β phase stability.     

Adaptive viewpoints for co-browsing on heterogeneous devices

Co-browsing is an activity in which a group of users navigate their way through of a set of Web pages together for a shared purpose. Effective co-browsing among users with different device capabilities requires a shared understanding of those Web pages. This paper demonstrates the concept of shared viewpoints (SVPs), and personal viewpoints (PVPs), for co-browsing, before detailing a framework for implementing these concepts. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is presented through a perceptual experiment.     

Varactor-Tuned Dual-Band Quadrature Hybrid Coupler

A tunable dual-band quadrature hybrid coupler for mobile GSM bands (900 and 1800MHz) is proposed and characterized. The structure is composed of four quarter-wavelength sections at a frequency located between the two operating frequencies and two pairs of open-ended stubs. Frequency tuning is achieved by modifying the electrical length of the open-ended stubs with varactor-diode capacitors. A dual-band tunability of 33% and 10% is obtained for the first and the second bands, respectively     

Analysis of class D inverter with irregular driving patterns

This paper presents an analysis of Class D inverter when irregular driving patterns are given to the gate drive of the switch devices. The analysis has been carried out with focusing on the waveforms, harmonics, low-frequency components, output power, and equivalent dc resistance, which are numerically analyzed and discussed. Class D inverters with six different Q factors from 0.1 to 20 are analyzed about 2/sup 16/ driving patterns for each Q. Superior four models of the six inverters are built and tested in circuit experiments. The calculated waveforms are compared to the experimental results. Both of them are agreed well in time domain and frequency domain. Analytical results show a possibility of a novel control method with irregular driving patterns. In spite of discontinuous control, the output power or voltage can be strictly changed as if continuous using the selected driving patterns in some ranges.     

Convergence and trust in eCommerce

Trust is the key element of commerce, both for traditional models and — more recently — for eCommerce. Unlike its traditional counterpart, eCommerce relies on trust being created and maintained with the help of digital devices and services. Convergence brings significant changes to the way people interact through digital media by offering ubiquitous and seamless communication. This has a significant impact on the way trust is established and maintained, with consequent impact upon eCommerce. This paper identifies a number of the most important challenges to trust in eCommerce as well as trust-related aspects of key enablers of eCommerce. From this perspective, the paper studies an impact of convergence on trust within eCommerce to identify several positive relationships.     

塔河油田成藏期次的地球化学示踪研究

应用油藏地球化学的方法对塔河油田的成藏期次进行了探讨。塔河油田稠油正构烷烃分布完整,但色谱基线不同程度抬升;原油非烃和沥青质碳同位素偏轻,族组成碳同位素发生倒转;原油中普遍含有25-降藿烷。这些特征表明该区油藏经历了至少两期成藏过程,早期充注原油遭受生物降解作用后又受到高成熟原油充注。塔河油田天然气为典型的油型气,成熟度较高,为成熟—过成熟阶段产物,亦显示了两期充注的特征:早期充注的为典型的原油伴生气,充注时间与后期原油的充注时间相同;晚期充注的为高温裂解气,充注方向为自东向西。因此,塔河油田至少存在着3次油气充注过程。      

The specification logic νZ

This paper introduces a wide-spectrum specification logic νZ. The minimal core logic is extended to a more expressive specification logic which includes a schema calculus similar (but not equivalent) to Z, new additional schema operators, and extensions to programming and program development logics.     

Modeling and verification of the double frequency effect using a MEMS device

The derivation, verification, and implication of the nonlinear dynamic and frequency response of electrostatic actuator due to the double frequency effect (DFE) were reported in this study. In particular, an extra mode called half mode was observed and measured in various studies. However, a complete in-depth discussion of the effect was not reported in the past. In the present study, a second-order dynamical equation was adapted firstly to model the dynamic and frequency response of electrostatic actuator where typical harmonic input signal with a dc bias was used. Secondly, by solving the equation, complex waveform in dynamic response and an extra half mode in frequency response due to the double frequency effect can be observed and discussed. To verify the simulated result, an electrostatic driving device was fabricated using PolyMUMPS^© process. Note that in frequency response, when dc bias is equal to the amplitude of ac signal, simulated and experimental results indicated that the amplitude of half mode was one-fourth of first mode.