几种表面活性剂在香精产品中的应用

本文阐述了几种表面活性剂在香精中应用的调配研究过程以及期间出现的不同现象,并对其进行了对比、比较.细述了这几种表面活性剂在应用过程中所出现的不同特征.     

射流流化床内流体力学行为的模拟研究

以流化床应用为代表的气固流动系统是许多化工过程中的重要组成部分 ,CFD( computational fluid dynamics)方法能够为其优化设计和放大提供所需要的信息 .本文采用双欧拉模型 ,与 Gidaspow等的实验结果进行了对比 ,模拟了二维射流流化床内气泡的形成规律 ,得到了带锥型分布器的流化床内瞬时空隙率和气固相速度分布等流体力学参数 .对锥型分布器流化床的实验结果表明 ,模拟得到的气泡的形状与实验现象相接近 .     

Morphologies-Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Bismuth Tungstate Nanocrystals by a Low-Temperature Molten Salt Method

Well-crystallized bismuth tungstate (Bi₂WO₆) powders with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a low-temperature molten salt method. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis, respectively. It was found that the variation of morphology of the obtained Bi₂WO₆ powder mainly depends on the different reaction temperatures and the weight ratio of LiNO₃–NaNO₃ salt to precursor. In addition, the UV-Visible absorption spectra showed that the synthesized powders had strong light absorption properties not only in the ultraviolet light but also in the visible light region.     

乳液聚合中单体醋酸乙烯酯与保护胶体聚乙烯醇的接枝反应研究

研究了以聚乙烯醇为保护胶体的醋酸乙烯乳液聚合中,聚乙烯醇与单体的接枝反应。探讨了引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、保护胶体聚合度等因素对接枝反应的影响。     

Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

悬挂式重力补偿系统精密跟踪方法

介绍了一种用于研究空间机器人微重力条件下的工作特性的悬挂系统——悬挂式重力补偿系统,并给出了悬挂模块的动力学模型.通过数值求解与仿真,运用非线性规化求出了一定条件下的最优控制参数;用正交试验寻优、基于时间最优控制的试凑法证明了优化模型的解正确性.该研究为空间机器人地面试验系统模拟微重力环境下精密跟踪运动提供了最优控制方法.     

基坑加固扰动引起地铁隧道隆起变形

针对如何控制上方基坑底部加固扰动引起下卧地铁隧道的变形、确保地铁安全运营的问题.结合上海市浦东新区东方路-张扬路地下立交工程,在考虑隧道等效刚度、施工卸荷以及加固抑制回弹的效果等因素的基础上,对上方搅拌桩施工扰动引起正在运营地铁隧道的竖向隆起变形进行了机理分析,推导出基于Winkler模型计算隧道竖向位移的方法并进行了理论计算.结果表明:上层加固扰动引起隧道的竖向位移是非常可观的,需引起足够重视.并将计算结果和实测数据进行了对比.在此研究基础上提出了一系列控制上层搅拌桩施工引起运营地铁隧道位移的施工方法.     

An improvement to the simulation of phase-change heat-transfer during soil freezing and thawing

A new variable time step method, which is called the backwards calculating time step method, is presented in this paper. It allows numerical simulation of soil freezing and thawing while avoiding "phase change missing and overflowing". A sensitive heat capacity model is introduced through which the calculation errors are analyzed. Then the equation using the self-adjusted time step is presented and solved using finite differences. Through this equation, the time needed for a space cell to reach the phase change point temperature is calculated. Using this time allows the time step to be adjusted so that errors caused by "phase change missing and overflowing" are successfully eliminated. Above all, the obvious features of this method are an accelerated rate for adjusting the time step and simplifing the computations. An actual example proves that this method can accurately calculate the temperature fields during soil freezing and thawing. It is an improvement over traditional methods and can be widely used on com- plicated multi-dimensional phase change problems.     

朴素贝叶斯与全贝叶斯在DFI的应用比较研究

P2P应用软件检测技术主要是深度包检测法和深度流量检测法.深度包检测法不能检测出加密的和未知的对等网络流应用,深度流量检测方法可以克服深度包检测法这个缺点.将模糊识别领域里比较成熟的贝叶斯分类技术应用到对等网络深度流检测中.结合实际项目,对贝叶斯的两个分类器-朴素贝叶斯和全贝叶斯的算法、训练结果、运行结果进行研究,实验研究表明朴素贝叶斯和全贝叶斯分类器能够快速准确地找到P2P流应用,朴素贝叶斯分类器准确度占据优势,全贝叶斯运行时间占据优势.     

生箔机的张力控制

对生箔机在铜箔生产过程中的铜箔张力进行动态分析,揭示出转矩、铜箔张力、实时卷绕半径之间的关系.建立锥度张力控制数学模型,提出锥度张力控制策略,并对其积分分离PID控制算法进行仿真,结果证明,该控制策略可以有效地避免积分的积累.