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In the present paper, the reversible effects between energy-absorbing and energy-reflecting states of chameleon-type building coatings were studied through demonstration of the layers’ properties using infrared thermal imaging of the layers when exposed to a sunlamp or temperature measurements of the layers during exposure to sunlight at different ambient temperatures. The reversible transforming mechanism between the energy-absorbing and energy-reflecting states of the chameleon-type building coatings was investigated with IR, Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The infrared thermal image results showed that when reversibly thermochromic pigments were added to normal white building coatings, the chameleon-type building coatings could absorb energy from the sunlamp below a switching temperature of about 18°C. Absorption of energy from the sunlamp stopped automatically above the switching temperature. The results from exposure to solar radiation showed that when the temperature was below the switching temperature, the chameleon-type building coating could absorb almost the same amount of solar energy as an ordinary coloured coating, and when the temperature was above the switching temperature, the chameleon-type building coating could reflect more solar energy than the ordinary coloured coating. The above results showed that chameleon-type building coatings could contribute to a thermally comfortable building environment. The IR spectroscopy results showed that when the environmental temperature was below the switching temperature of 18°C, the lactone ring of the thermochromic pigment molecule would open and the band of C=O would almost disappear. Raman spectra indicated that the band of C–O in
would move to the high wave number range. From 1H NMR spectra, it could be found that there was some action between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl and the structure of
. During the lactone ring opening, the electron in the non-bond orbital would transit to the higher orbital and it could elongate the conjugated bridge, which would produce visible absorption and hence produce an energy-absorbing effect. However, when the environmental temperature was above the switching temperature of 18°C, the lactone ring in the molecule of the thermochromic pigment would close, the transited electron would transit back to the original orbital, hence the visible absorption would disappear, which would make the coating have an energy-reflecting effect. 相似文献
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抽水蓄能电站运行方式和电网经济效益分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用计算机模拟法建立模拟模型,对选定的系统进行生产模拟,统计计算出电网系统投入不同抽水蓄能容量时所发生的系统运行总燃料费用(包括抽水蓄能电站的抽水费)和系统的负荷缺电力时间概率(LOLP)等指标。通过对计算结果的分析,得出不同系统在投入不同容量抽水蓄能机组和采取不同运行方式的情况下,其运行总燃料费用的边际成本和LOLP的边际值的变化规律,并且对电网的经济效益进行合理分析。从而为抽水蓄能电站的规划和投资建设提供理论依据,推动抽水蓄能电站的发展,促使我国电源结构趋向合理。 相似文献
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