多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化剂降解糠醛废水

以钛酸四丁酯等为原料，采用简单工艺制得多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化剂；并研究了利用多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化降解糠醛废水。结果表明，在紫外灯下照射60min，糖醛废水的COD去除率可达59．8％，而通入空气有利于污染物的去除。     

A kinetic study on medium temperature desulfurization using a natural manganese ore

Natural manganese ores were selected as raw materials for the desulfurization sorbent because of economical efficiency and high reactivity on hydrogen sulfide. Initial reaction rates between H₂S and desulfurization sorbent of natural manganese ores were determined in a temperature range of 400-800°C using a thermobalance reactor. All reactions were first order with respect to H₂S and were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. When the sulfidation reaction was controlled by diffusion, the temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity was given by the Arrhenius equation. Activation energies and frequency factors were obtained from the product layer diffusion coefficient of various sorbents by plotting as an Arrhenius equation form. Several additives were mixed to improve the sulfidation capacity, and NiO was the best additive.     

新型阳离子紫外光引发剂碘锚盐的光谱表征及分析

采用紫外光谱法(UV)分析新型阳离子光引发剂二甲苯基碘六氟磷酸盐。系统研究了UV法测试条件,采用氯仿重结晶提纯样品、以无水乙醇为溶剂、在λmax=236 nm测吸光度,ε=1.8421×104L.mol-1.cm-1,线性范围为1~80 mg.L-1,加标回收率为99.0%。     

Thermodynamic Calculation of the Zirconia–Calcia System

An optimal thermodynamic data set for the zirconia–calcia system is evaluated by the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method applied to experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data. The liquid and C _ss (cubic ZrO₂ solid solution) are described by a subregular solution model. Three compounds, CaZr₄O₉, Ca₆Zr₁₉O₄₄, and CaZrO₃, are modeled as stoichiometric compounds. A regular solution model is applied to the other phases. Comparisons between calculated and measured phase diagrams and thermodynamic quantities show that most of experimental information is satisfactorily accounted for by thermodynamic calculations. The calculations also reasonably predict the measured electromotive force concerning the metastable C _ss.     

碳四烷烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

论述了碳四烷烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的催化剂体系、影响因素及催化裂解方式。该催化剂体系包括硅铝酸盐及锆硫酸盐,氧化铝与碱金属或碱土金属的混合物,负载型催化剂等3种类型。其中分子筛(晶体硅铝酸盐)及其改性催化剂是研究开发的主要方向。除操作条件外,稀释剂、引发和抑制剂和裂解反应方式对催化裂解反应均有影响。催化裂解反应机理与催化剂的种类和反应条件相关。对于酸性分子筛催化剂有2种比较公认的机理:正碳离子机理,自由基与正碳离子机理两种形式。研究表明碳四烷烃,特别是正丁烷催化裂解制低碳烯烃具有良好的低碳烯烃收率,收率可达50%以上。     

采用Prenflo气化技术的IGCC流程

Prenflo气化属于粉煤气化技术 ,与Shell的粉煤气化技术相似 ,同属气流床气化工艺 ;整体煤气化燃气 蒸汽联合循环(IGCC)是先进的洁净煤技术 ,具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了IGCC技术的起源、进展、特色 ,重点介绍采用Prenflo煤气化工艺的IGCC流程。     

XH－11型胶粘剂最佳固化工艺的研究

本文对ＸＨ－１１型胶粘剂的固化工艺参数进行了试验研究，确定了主要几个参数值，以达到最佳固化工效果。     

厌氧发酵处理味精废水中氯离子的影响

在3L 的CSTR 型厌氧反应器中研究了味精废水厌氧处理中氯离子毒性的反应。试验证明,已中毒的厌氧过程只要Cl~-浓度降至抑制限以下,厌氧过程就可在15～20d 内恢复,在恢复期间加入新污泥有利于恢复过程。保持足够大的SRT 和污泥浓度对于处理含有毒物的废水很有效。对本研究,SRT 得大于20d,污泥浓度在15～24g/L 左右就可达到较好的处理效率。Cl~-的抑制浓度对污泥浓度分别为24.28g/L,15.18g/L 和6.07g/L 时,Cl~-的抑制浓度分别是7750mg/L,7250mg/L和6300mg/L。此外,本文提出以I=S_(Cl)/X_v~n作为判断Cl~-抑制的指标。当COD 去除率大于80%时,n=0.1519。因此,要使过程的COD 去除率分别大于80%,85%和90%时,I 就得分别小于4.7,4.1和3.6。并且污泥浓度必须大于6.07g/L。     

A Flood Forecasting Model that Considers the Impact of Hydraulic Projects by the Simulations of the Aggregate reservoir’s Retaining and Discharging

The hydraulic projects, such as reservoirs, ponds, and paddy fields, have a marked influence on the generation of floods, causing a number of difficulties where hydrological forecasting is concerned. To consider the influence of the hydraulic projects in hydrological forecasting, a modified TOPMODEL is presented in the paper, based on the simulation rules of the aggregate reservoir’s retaining and discharging (ARRD). In the new purposed model, termed as ARRD-TOPMODEL, the hydraulic projects are first aggregated as an equivalent reservoir, then the simulation rules of the aggregate reservoir’s retaining and discharging are determined, finally, the simulation rules are combined with an original TOPMODEL model calibrated using the floods not influenced by the hydraulic projects for flood forecasting. The ARRD-TOPMODEL was tested on the upstream of Wudaogou station basin in Northeast China. The results show that compared to the original model, the qualified rate (i.e., the ratio of the number of floods that meet acceptable criteria and the total number of floods) of runoff forecasting was increased from 73% to 100%. The problems that the overestimation of the runoff at beginning of flood season and after a long drought, as well as that the underestimation of the large flood in middle flood season are both solved, and the flood processes predicted by the new model are more consistent with the observed ones. All of these demonstrate that the newly developed model is superior to the original one and the simulation rules of the aggregate reservoir’s retaining and discharging are capable of accurately accounting for the influence of the hydraulic projects on the floods.     

回转窑传热模型与数值模拟

对回转窑内传热过程进行了分析 ,在已有研究基础上归纳了各项换热系数的关联式 ,尤其结合热渗透模型完善了回转壁面与料床之间传热机制的研究 ,并提出通用的计算关联式。进而提出了内热式炉型的一维轴向传热模型 ,并根据已发表的试验数据验证了该模型和各换热系数的适用性。计算表明在窑内低温段 ,物料的受热主要来自其覆盖的回转壁面对其加热 ;而在高温段 ,气体的辐射热量成为加热料床的主要热源。此外 ,由物料进口端沿轴向窑壁散热增大 ,在窑内高温段窑壁的散热甚至高于物料吸热量 ,因此在回转反应器的设计中应充分考虑窑壁散热造成的热效率降低并采取相应措施。