乳液型丙烯酸酯压敏胶的研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸(AA)为反应单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,非离子型乳化剂(OP-10)/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为复合乳化剂,硫酸铝为化学交联剂,采用乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酸酯PSA(压敏胶)。研究结果表明:当w(BA)=80%、w(MMA)=14%、w(AA)=6%、w(APS)=0.4%、w(硫酸铝)=2.0%、w(复合乳化剂)=6%且m(OP-10)∶m(SDS)=2∶1时,相应PSA的固含量(54.41%)较高、黏度(140 mPa.s)较低以及耐热性良好,并且其180°剥离强度(2.79 N/mm)、初粘力(16号钢球)和持粘力(>24.0 h)俱佳。     

热塑性聚氨酯分子量对熔体流变参数的影响

采用转矩流变仪模拟双螺杆挤出机,进行热塑性聚氨酯( PUR-T)的合成和流变性能研究.通过二维简化分析并结合阿仑尼乌斯方程,得到转矩与聚合物流动指数、黏流活化能、转子转速和温度的关联式.通过反应终止得到不同平均分子量的PUR-T,改变转矩流变仪的转子转速及体系温度,拟合得到PUR-T的流动指数和黏流活化能.结果表明,随着PUR-T分子量增加,流动指数先下降较快,当PUR-T重均分子量大于50000 g/mol后,流动指数基本趋于定值(0.70);不同分子量PUR-T的黏流活化能在34～50 kJ/mol,并随分子量增大略有增大;随着合成反应的进行,PUR-T熔体的非牛顿性不断增强.     

Nucleation Effects of Nucleobases on the Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(L‐lactide)

The effects of nucleobases, especially uracil, on the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization, melting behavior, spherulite morphology, and crystalline structure of bio‐based and biodegradable PLLA are studied. The melt‐ and cold‐crystallization rates of PLLA increase with increasing uracil loading. The melting behavior of nonisothermally melt‐ and cold‐crystallized PLLAs depends on the uracil content. The isothermal crystallization kinetics is analyzed based on an Avrami model. The incorporation of uracil changes the t_1/2/T_c profile of PLLA due to the more distinct heterogeneous nucleation effects at small supercooling. The crystalline structure of PLLA is not affected by uracil presence. The nucleation density increases and the spherulite size decreases by uracil incorporation.

     

Reinforcement of peroxide‐cured styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates by mathacrylic acid and magnesium oxide

Through the neutralization of magnesium oxide (MgO) and methacrylic acid (MAA), magnesium methacrylate [Mg(MAA)₂] was in situ prepared in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and used to reinforce the SBR vulcanizates cured by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The experimental results show that the mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, optical properties, and crosslink structure of the Mg(MAA)₂‐reinforced SBR vulcanizates depend on the DCP content, Mg(MAA)₂ content, and the mole ratio of MgO/MAA. The formulation containing DCP 0.6–0.9 phr, Mg(MAA)₂ 30–40 phr, and MgO/MAA mole ratio 0.50–0.75 is recommended for good mechanical properties of the SBR vulcanizates. The tensile strength of the SBR vulcanizates is up to 31.4 MPa when the DCP content is 0.6 phr and the Mg(MAA)₂ content is 30 phr. The SBR vulcanizate have good aging resistance and limited retention of tensile strength at 100°C. The SBR vulcanizates are semitransparent, and have a good combination of high hardness, high tensile strength, and elongation at break. The T_g values of the SBR vulcanizates depend largely on the DCP content, but depend less on the Mg(MAA)₂ content and the MgO/MAA mole ratio. The contents of DCP, Mg(MAA)₂, and the MgO/MAA mole ratio have also great effects on the E′ values of the vulcanizates. The salt crosslink density is greatly affected by the Mg(MAA)₂ content and MgO/MAA mole ratio, but less affected by the DCP content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2667–2676, 2002     

喷施硝酸钾对柑橘秋梢老熟和叶片特性的影响

[目的]研究喷施硝酸钾对华柑2号椪柑(Citrus reticulata cv.Huagan No.2)和纽荷尔脐橙(C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Newhall)10 cm左右长度的秋梢生长和生理特性影响,为促进秋梢老熟和花芽分化、培养秋梢为翌年结果母枝及提高秋梢抗逆性提供实践依据.[方法]以两个柑橘品种...     

宽分子量分布聚合物的制备

分别对采用物理共混法、自由基聚合、配位聚合和离子聚合法制备宽分子量分布聚合物进行了综述。指出目前应用较为广泛的是物理共混法，配位聚合容易实现分子量和分子量分布宽度可控，近几年已成为研究热点。     

Oxidation behavior of fine-grained SiC-B4C/C composites up to 1400 °C

Fine-grained B₄C-SiC/C composites were fabricated using a ball-milling dispersion process. The oxidation behaviors of both fine-grained B₄C-SiC/C composites and coarse-grained B₄C-SiC/C composites at temperatures of up to 1400 °C were analyzed by the differential thermal analysis technique, and the surface morphology of the composites after isothermal oxidation at 800, 1200 and 1400 °C was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that fine-grained B₄C-SiC/C composites had excellent oxidation resistance with self-healing properties at 1400 °C. A general model and mechanism for self-protection against oxidation of carbon materials were proposed.     

考虑周期划分特性和储能电池生命周期费用的混合供电系统优化

在风/柴/储混合供电系统中,风力发电的不确定性和用户负载的波动性对混合供电系统及其储能电池系统的优化设计和运行具有重要影响。针对混合供电系统,采用k-均值周期划分法考虑风力发电和用户负载的波动性,建立了混合供电系统及其储能电池系统的优化模型。在优化模型中将储能电池生命周期费用作为惩罚函数,将循环次数作为约束,以标准化能源费用为目标对混合供电系统进行优化,分析了风力发电不确定性对混合供电系统优化设计的影响。以能量需求为793 kW·h·d^-1的风/柴/储混合供电系统为例,研究了混合供电系统优化设计方法。研究表明,考虑风力发电和用户负载的周期划分后,储能电池系统循环次数显著降低,有利于储能电池使用寿命的延长。按风速特性划分周期时,储能电池系统的年循环次数最少,混合供电系统的标准化能源费用最低。当储能电池在其生命周期内的最大循环次数由2000次提升到10000次时,混合供电系统的标准化能源费用降低幅度可达8.3%~16.6%。     

黄原酸酯调控的氯乙烯的可逆-加成断裂链转移聚合

以三种不同结构的黄原酸酯为调控剂,进行氯乙烯（VC）溶液和细乳液可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合,发现O-乙基黄原酸丙酸乙酯对VC聚合的调控效果良好,氯乙烯RAFT细乳液聚合速率明显大于溶液聚合,VC聚合12 h转化率大于90%,但聚氯乙烯（PVC）的分子量分布宽于溶液聚合产物。核磁共振和紫外可见吸收光谱分析证明合成的PVC具有黄原酸酯基端基结构,结构缺陷少。含黄原酸酯基PVC可进一步调控VC及醋酸乙烯酯聚合,进行扩链或得到嵌段共聚物。结合聚合动力学,说明黄原酸酯调控的氯乙烯聚合具有活性特征。     

Ⅰ型水性环氧树脂涂料的研制

采用低分子量液体环氧树脂与非离子表面活性剂（BMJ）反应合成BMJ－环氧加成物,将表面活性链段引入到环氧树脂分子链中,然后经封端和成盐得到Ⅰ型水性环氧固化剂,研究了影响Ⅰ型水性环氧固化剂及其所配乳液涂料性能的因素,并对乳液的稳定性和固化速度,漆膜硬度等性能进行了评价。