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111.
Xiande Shen Norihiko Sugie Qian Duan Yoshikazu Kitajyo Toshifumi Satoh Toyoji Kakuchi 《Polymer Bulletin》2005,55(5):317-322
Summary The reaction of cellulose with N-carbonyl α-amino acid ester 1 leading to cellulose carbamate 2 was carried out in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 100 °C. For N-carbonyl L-leucine ethyl ester (1a), the degree of the carbamate substituent (DS) in 2a was 2.5 for [1a]/[glucose units in cellulose] = 3.0 and reached ca. 3.0 for [1a]/[glucose units in cellulose] = 4.0. Cellulose carbamate 2a was highly soluble in not only aprotic polar solvents but also other organic solvents such as ethyl ether and methyl alcohol.
The chiral discrimination ability of 2a was higher than those of the cellulose carbamates having L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid moieties. 相似文献
112.
Kiyoshi Okada Yu-Ichiro Shimizu Yoshikazu Kameshima Akira Nakajima 《Journal of Porous Materials》2005,12(4):281-291
Composites of carbon/zeolite with corrugated structures were prepared by carbonization, steam activation and/or hydrothermal treatment of corrugated paper. No zeolite formation resulted from conventional hydrothermal treatment of the carbonized and activated samples in NaOH solution but zeolite Na P1 was formed by addition of silica to the solution. By contrast, zeolites Na P1 and Na A were formed by the in-situ crystallization method (hydrothermal treatment of solid samples impregnated with NaOH solution). With higher impregnating NaOH concentrations, longer reaction times and higher reaction temperatures, the products changed to sodalite- and cancrinite-type compounds. Hydrothermal treatment was effective in increasing the specific surface area of the products by the formation of zeolite from amorphous calcium aluminosilicate, and also increased the mechanical strength by gluing together the carbon fibers in the samples. The resulting samples showed enhanced adsorption for polar molecules such as ammonia, water vapor and methanol due to the formation of composites of activated carbon with hydrophilic zeolites. 相似文献
113.
Fukuyama Y Yasuda N Kim J Murayama H Ohshima T Tanaka Y Kimura S Kamioka H Moritomo Y Toriumi K Tanaka H Kato K Ishikawa T Takata M 《The Review of scientific instruments》2008,79(4):045107
An ultra-high-precision clock system for long time delay has been developed for picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation (SR) pulses and synchronized femtosecond laser pulses. The time delay control between pump laser pulse and the probe SR pulse was achieved by combining an in-phase quadrature modulator and a synchronous counter. This method allowed us to change the delay time by a nearly infinite amount while maintaining the precision of +/-8.40 ps. Time-resolved diffraction measurements using the delay control system were demonstrated for precise measurement of an acoustic velocity in a single crystal of gallium arsenide. 相似文献
114.
We demonstrate that a tweezers tip can be directly used to manipulate single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films and individual SWCNTs (or bundles). Specifically, we can align, bend, and even cut SWCNTs on the substrates where they are grown. With this manipulation technique, we are able to control the position, direction, and length of SWCNTs and fabricate complex patterns. Because of the large size of the tweezers tip, long SWCNTs (hundreds of micrometers in length) are found to be critical for the realization of such manipulations. This finding would contribute to the property studies on nanotubes and the fabrication of nanodevices. 相似文献
115.
Takeshi Fujita Hideki Abe Toyokazu Tanabe Yoshikazu Ito Tomoharu Tokunaga Shigeo Arai Yuta Yamamoto Akihiko Hirata Mingwei Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(10):1609-1616
Precious metals (Pt and Pd) and rare earth elements (Ce in the form of CeO2) are typical materials for heterogeneous exhaust‐gas catalysts in automotive systems. However, their limited resources and high market‐driven prices are principal issues in realizing the path toward a more sustainable society. In this regard, herein, a nanoporous NiCuMnO catalyst, which is both abundant and durable, is synthesized by one‐step free dealloying. The catalyst thus developed exhibits catalytic activity and durability for NO reduction and CO oxidation. Microstructure characterization indicates a distinct structural feature: catalytically active Cu/CuO regions are tangled with a stable nanoporous NiMnO network after activation. The results obtained by in situ transmission electron microscopy during NO reduction clearly capture the unique reaction‐induced self‐transformation of the nanostructure. This finding can possibly pave the way for the design of new catalysts for the conversion of exhaust gas based on the element strategy. 相似文献
116.
Okada K Hasegawa F Kameshima Y Nakajima A 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2007,18(5):899-907
Mixing bioactive ceramic powders with polymers is an effective method for generating bioactivity to the polymer-matrix composites
but it is necessary to incorporate up to 40 vol% of bioactive ceramic powder. However, such a high mixing ratio offsets the
advantages of the flexibility and formability of polymer matrix and it would be highly advantageous to lower the mixing ratio.
Since surface loading of ceramic powders in the polymer is thought to be an effective way of reducing the mixing ratio of
the ceramic powder while maintaining bioactive activity, CaSiO3/poly-lactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared by three methods; (1) casting, (2) spin coating and (3) hot pressing. In
methods (1) and (2), a suspension was prepared by dissolving PLA in chloroform and dispersing CaSiO3 powder in it. The suspension was cast and dried to form a film in the case of method (1) while it was spin-coated on a PLA
substrate in method (2). In method (3), CaSiO3 powder was surface loaded on to a PLA substrate by hot pressing. The bioactivity of these samples was investigated in vitro
using simulated body fluid (SBF). Apatite formation was not observed in the samples prepared by method (1) but some apatite
formation was achieved by mixing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the PLA, producing a porous polymer matrix. In method (2),
apatite was clearly observed after soaking for 7 days. Enhanced apatite formation was observed in method (3), the thickness
of the resulting apatite layers becoming about 20 μm after soaking for 14 days. Since the amount of CaSiO3 powder used in these samples was only ≤0.4 vol%, it is concluded that this preparation method is very effective in generating
bioactivity in polymer-matrix composites by loading with only very small amounts of ceramic powder. 相似文献
117.
Yoshikazu Kitajyo Yoko Sakai Hirofumi Tani Atsushi Narumi Noriaki Kaneko Toyoji Kakuchi 《Polymer》2007,48(5):1237-1244
The synthesis of a novel unimolecular reverse micelle, the hyperbranched d-glucan carbamate (3), was accomplished through the carbamation reaction of the hyperbranched d-glucan (1) with the N-carbonyl l-leucine ethyl ester (2) in pyridine at 100 °C. Polymer 3 was soluble in a large variety of organic solvents, such as methanol, acetone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and insoluble in water, which remarkably differed from the solubility of 1. The degree of carbamate substitution (DS) for 3 was controlled by the feed rate of 2, and the DS values were in the range of 46.0-93.7%. Polymer 3 possessed the encapsulation ability for water-soluble molecules, such as rose bengal, thymol blue, and alizarin yellow in chloroform, and the encapsulation ability depended on the hydrophilicity of 3 and the molecular size of the dye. The rose bengal (RB) encapsulated polymer (RB/3) showed a slow release from the RB/3 system into water at neutral pH, while the release rate was significantly accelerated by the hydrolysis of the hydrophobic polymer shell under basic conditions. 相似文献
118.
Yoshikazu Kitajyo Masaki Tamaki Kenji Takahashi Toshifumi Satoh Toyoji Kakuchi 《Polymer》2007,48(16):4683-4690
Hyperbranched polythreitol (1) with different molecular weights (Mw,SLS: 1.18 × 104 and 4.79 × 104) was reacted with trityl chloride in DMF to afford a novel amphiphilic polymer (2) consisting of 1 as the hydrophilic core and the trityl groups as the hydrophobic shell. Compound 2 was tested for its ability to act as a unimolecular nanocapsule toward the water-soluble dye, rose bengal (RB). Their encapsulation and release properties were also evaluated by comparison with the degree of substitution (DS) of the trityl groups, i.e., the hydrophobic shell density. The polymers were found to have very good unimolecular nanocapsule characteristics even at extremely low concentrations. The average number of RBs per polymer molecule depended on the hydrophilic core size and the hydrophobic shell density. The increasing DS value led to a decrease in the encapsulated amount due to the decrease in the hydrophilic core space, while the low DS value (less than ca. 20 mol%) led to a destabilization as a unimolecular nanocapsule and a lower encapsulation ability. In particular, 2 with ca. 23% DS value showed an efficient encapsulation. Based on a release test of the RB-loaded unimolecular nanocapsules, the polymers showed a high RB-holding ability in water. 相似文献
119.
Carbon nanotube growth from semiconductor nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanoscale metal catalysts have been indispensable for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We show that even semiconductor nanoparicles of SiC, Ge, and Si produce single-walled and double-walled CNTs in CVD with ethanol. This implies that nanosize structures might act as a template for the formation of CNT caps composed of five- and six-membered rings. Providing a template for cap formation is the essential role of the catalysts. 相似文献
120.
The stable ranges concerning the composition and temperature have been experimentally de-termined for the intermetallic compounds in system Fe-Cr-Mo at high-temperatures. Theisothermal section of the Fe-Cr-Mo ternary phase diagram at 1250℃ and the formation re-actions for the intermetallic compounds, which are different in part from those shown in theliterature, have been proposed. 相似文献