生物拆分制备(S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸工艺研究

耐酪氨酸冢村氏菌(Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens)E105可选择性催化(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸乙酯生物拆分制备左乙拉西坦关键手性中间体(S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸.通过单因素实验和响应面法对菌株产酶培养条件进行优化,并考察含酶静息细胞催化制备(S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸的反应过程.结果表明:最优产酶培养条件为装液量30%,接种量4%,发酵36h;培养基组成为葡萄糖17.70g/L,酵母膏16.53g/L,NH4Cl 9.5g/L,K2HPO42g/L,KH2PO41g/L,NaCl 0.6g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L,初始pH值7.32.在优化条件下,酶活力为19.33U/g,细胞干重达4.13g/L,分别较优化前提高了32.6%和60.1%.当细胞加量为30g/L,底物浓度60mmol/L,反应体系为300mL,拆分24h后,产率和ee值分别为48%和99%,(S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸浓度达28.8mmol/L,较优化前提高了32.1%.     

齿上开槽对滤波减速器力学性能的影响

本文使用有限元法研究滤波减速器轮齿上开槽对滤波减速器轮齿的动力学性能和传动性能的影响。通过对滤波减速器齿上不同开槽形状进行有限元对比分析,结果显示直槽对轮齿力学性能有很好的改善作用。在此基础上分析了直槽的槽深、槽宽、应力释放孔大小和应力释放孔与直槽的倒角大小对轮齿力学性能的影响以及不同载荷下轮齿应力分布情况。研究结果表明在滤波减速器齿上开直槽,当槽深大于轮齿模数的三倍,应力释放孔和倒角的半径大于槽宽的十倍,槽缝宽度不超过轮齿模数的十分之一时,其接触应力、弯曲应力和冲击振动较小。     

中国致密油藏水平井注水吞吐技术进展与发展趋势

中国致密油藏多采用水平井体积压裂衰竭式开发,水平井产量递减快,一次采收率不足10%。因此,有效补充地层能量是致密油藏体积压裂水平井稳产的关键。注水吞吐是致密油藏水平井的一种有效注水补充能量方法,近年来针对该方法进行了大量的研究和实践。在介绍注水吞吐工艺的基础上,从渗吸采油微观机理以及压力对渗吸排油影响两个方面对注水吞吐机理的研究进展进行了概述,并系统总结了储层性质和工艺参数对注水吞吐采油效果的影响。为了提高注水吞吐的开发效果,目前主要形成了化学处理剂辅助注水吞吐技术、大排量注水强化注水吞吐技术和水平井同井缝间异步注采技术3种改善注水吞吐开发效果的技术。进一步通过总结注水吞吐油藏数值模拟和工艺参数优化的研究成果,分析矿场实践经验,提出了中国致密油藏注水吞吐技术未来发展趋势。     

Dual-responsive shape memory hydrogels with self-healing and dual-responsive swelling behaviors

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) can fix the hydrogels in a provisional shape and restore the initial shape under external stimulation. Herein, a dual-responsive shape memory hydrogel with dual-responsive swelling and self-healing properties is presented in this work. The SMHs were fabricated by one-step emulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA). Sodium alginate (SA) was introduced as an interpenetrating polymer in the network. With ionic cross-linking between -COO⁻ and Fe³⁺ or saline-reinforced hydrophobic association, the hydrogels can be fixed in a provisional shape, which can be restored by immersing the hydrogels in vitamin C solution or pure water, respectively. When the as-prepared hydrogels were immersed in FeCl₃ solutions, additional ionic cross-linking between Fe³⁺ and -COO⁻ could be formed, thus constructing the dual physically cross-linked (DPC) network, which endows the hydrogels with excellent fracture stress (2.6 MPa) and toughness (5.47 MJ/m³). Besides, the reversible physical cross-linkings endowed the hydrogel with outstanding self-healing capability. Furthermore, the pH and saline responsive swelling properties of the SMHs are additional fantastic properties. Therefore, we believe that this simple strategy provides a great opportunity for the preparation of SMHs with multiple intellectual performances.     

Fine grinding of thermoplastics by high speed friction grinding assisted by guar gum

High speed friction grinding has been used to grind plant and food substances in water but never been explored for grinding of thermoplastics like polylactic acid (PLA), low and high density polyethylene and polypropylene. Such grinding was investigated in this work and was made possible by using 0.5% guar gum solution instead of just water because increasing the viscosity of water reduced their settling and the speed of passing through the grinder. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the plastics were studied and higher grinding efficiency of PLA could be explained by its low elongation-at-break compared to low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and polypropylene. The microplastics (2000–45 μm) were studied for mass and particle size distributions and by scanning electron microscopy, ¹³C CP/MAS NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, viscosity of guar gum and contact angles was measured. This new technology can produce finely ground microplastics (710–45 μm) for a variety of applications.     

Cd2+-H2O系羟合配离子配位平衡

根据配位化学热力学平衡原理,绘制了Cd^2＋-H2O系配合离子浓度pc-pH图、镉羟合配离子分率αn-pH图及Cd（OH）2条件溶度积pKS-pH图。pc-pH图描述了Cd（OH）2（s）溶解平衡时,镉的总离子平衡浓度与pH的关系。当pH为9.84～13.31时,Cd（OH）2的溶解度最小;αn-pH图指出了各种羟合配离子分率与pH关系,每种羟合配离子都对应有其存在的最佳pH范围。Cd（OH）2（s）的条件溶度积pKS-pH图表明：当pH值在9.5～10.5范围内,Cd（OH）2（s）的条件溶度积最小。研究结果可为中和水解法去除废水中镉等技术提供理论依据。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 ),Cd~(2 ) and mixture by waste activated sludge

1Introduction Waste activated sludge is the by-product of sewage treated by activated sludge process.According to incomplete statistic,in China sewage discharge amount is4.474×107m3/d[1],and there are more than100sewage treatment plants with different sc…     

小冲杆测试材料屈服载荷的有限元分析

文章通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件模拟小冲杆试验过程,重点分析2.25Cr1Mo、16MnR、20#、1.25Cr0.5Mo4种材料的小冲杆屈服载荷。试验结果表明,有限元模拟得到的材料屈服载荷与常规拉伸试验所得出的屈服强度存在显著的线性关系,并具有相当高的相关系数。为最终通过小冲杆试验评价材料的屈服强度提供了一条新的思路。     

Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷微观组织的研究

用X－射线，电子探针及磁性测量等手段对Ti（CN）基金属陶瓷切削刀具的显微组织进行了系统分析，以瑞典山特维克同类刀具与国产刀具进行对比，发现国产刀具中Co-Ni粘结相中出现了无磁性的Ni3TiC相，从而降低了材料的磁饱和、矫顽磁力及抗弯强度。Ni3TiC的出现与烧结气氛有关，是烧结时材料脱碳的结果。文章对材料中的硬质相、粘结相等进行了微区成份定量分析，确认了各元素的分配状况。对于轻元素氮的分市则采用了X－射线波谱仪对刀具断面进行扫描，发现与国外名牌产品相比，国产刀具中氮的分布欠均匀。     

基于Web服务的物联接入系统设计

由于物联网接入设备与应用业务的多元性与复杂性的增加,实际物联网业务开发中需要对业务与设备做协同处理。针对此类问题,提出一种面向服务的模型架构,并据此以Web服务模式触发各类物联接入设备信息的消息管道流程,并在基础性接入信息处理过程中解决不必要的异构问题。基于Intel复杂指令集的嵌入式开发环境,利用多种语言协作设计实现一个物联接入系统。经实测可顺利完成应用层直接操控感知层的业务功能。