超导故障限流器抑制短路电流直流分量的仿真分析

短路电流中的周期分量和直流分量对系统短路容量都有贡献,而后者在工程应用中没有引起足够的重视.目前我国宁夏、上海、广州等电网普遍面临短路电流直流分量超标,系统保护装置难以可靠清除故障的状况,严重威胁电力系统的安全可靠性.基于此,本文提出使用超导故障限流器在限制短路电流幅值的同时,抑制短路电流直流分量的方法,缓解断路器的开断负担.目前超导限流器对短路电流直流分量的抑制效果及在高直流分量系统超导限流器的设计方法尚不清楚.因此,搭建了超导故障限流器模型,以330 kV系统为例,研究了不同直流分量时间常数下超导限流器阻值与直流分量的关系,提出了超导故障限流器失超阻值的优化设计方法.结果表明在不同的短路故障条件下,超导限流器对直流分量的抑制效果均非常明显,能有效提高系统的可靠性.     

Nickel-Carnosine complex:A new carrier for enzymes immobilization by affinity adsorption

Immobilization is an effective method to promote the application of enzyme industry for improving the stability and realizing recovery of enzyme.To some extent,the performance of immobilized enzyme depends on the choice of carrier material.Therefore,the development of new carrier materials has been one of the key issues concerned by enzyme immobilization researchers.In this work,a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material,nickel-carnosine complex (NiCar),was synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method.The obtained NiCar exhibits spherical morphology,hierarchical porosity and abun-dant unsaturated coordination nickel ions,which provide excellent anchoring sites for the immobiliza-tion of proteins.His-tagged organophosphate-degrading enzyme (OpdA) and ω-transaminase (ω-TA)were used as model enzymes to evaluate the performance of NiCar as a carrier.By a simple adsorption process,the enzyme molecules can be fixed on the particles of NiCar,and the stability and reusability are significantly improved.The analysis of protein adsorption on NiCar verified that the affinity adsorp-tion between the imidazole functional group on the protein and the unsaturated coordination nickel ions on NiCar was the main force in the immobilization process,which provided an idea way for the develop-ment of new enzyme immobilization carriers.     

Experimental and numerical simulation of lignite chemical looping gasification with phosphogypsum as oxygen carrier in a fluidized bed

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste produced in the wet process of producing phosphoric acid.Lignite is a kind of promising chemical raw material.However,the high sulfur of lignite limits the utilization of lig-nite as a resource.Based on fluidized bed experiments,the optimal reaction conditions for the production syngas by lignite chemical looping gasification (CLG) with PG as oxygen carrier were studied.The study found that the optimal reaction temperature should not exceed 1123 K;the mole ratio of water vapor to lignite should be about 0.2;the mole ratio of PG oxygen carrier to lignite should be about 0.6.Meanwhile,commercial software Comsol was used to establish a fuel reaction kinetics model.Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation,the process of reaction in fluidized bed were well captured.The model was based on a two-fluid model and coupled mass transfer,heat transfer and chemical reac-tions.This study showed that the fluidized bed presents a flow structure in which gas and solid coexist.There was a high temperature zone in the middle and lower parts of the fluidized bed.It could be seen from the results of the flow field simulated that the fluidized bed was beneficial to the progress of the gasification reaction.     

不同形式电压下高压直流电缆试验终端电场与空间电荷分布计算

试验终端是高压直流电缆电气性能试验的重要组成部分,该文基于交流电缆水终端建立了直流电缆水油终端模型,并得到了直流电场下的电场和电荷分布.为研究不同形式电压下高压直流水油终端中电场强度及其电荷密度分布,首先建立了水油终端电场-空间电荷仿真模型,该模型考虑了空间电荷的注入以及空间电荷和电场的相互作用;接着将仿真结果与试验进行对比,以验证模型的正确性;随后,基于该仿真模型分析了直流电压及6种不同形式冲击电压下水油终端的电场强度、电荷密度分布规律,并与GB/T 31489.1规定的6种冲击电压下水油界面处的场强与电荷密度进行比较.结果 表明,雷电冲击电压在水油界面上产生的场强幅值最大,超过了水的击穿场强.因此水油终端不适用于雷电冲击试验.论文研究可为高压直流试验终端的研发提供参考.     

适用于非理想条件下的自适应自抗扰锁相环技术

为解决传统三相同步锁相环在电网电压波动时无法精确锁相的问题,本文通过引入二阶线性自抗扰控制技术代替传统PI控制,并利用其扩张状态观测器对各状态变量进行估计和补偿实现锁相.基于二阶广义积分器的移相特性提出一种快速计算正序电压幅值的算法,并以此为基础设计一种可以根据电压跌落深度自适应调节参数的自抗扰锁相环结构.仿真和实验表明,所提出的锁相环结构可以有效提高锁相环的动态性能,且能在非理想的工况下为逆变器并网发电提供可靠的基准信号.     

基于配额制的自备电厂参与新能源消纳日前交易模式

国内风电和光伏等新能源发电迅速发展,而部分地区本地消纳和电网外送能力均有限,当地自备电厂未充分发挥调峰作用,出现日趋严重的弃风弃光现象,因此难以完成配额制目标。为利用市场手段充分调动当地自备电厂参与新能源消纳,促进新能源配额制目标的完成,同时避免因强行完成指标导致的社会整体消纳成本升高的问题,提出了一种基于竞价摘牌的新能源日前交易模式。通过具有引导效应的市场化手段,调动具备自备电厂用户的主动消纳意愿,进而提升配额制目标完成度,并降低整体消纳成本。最后,以新疆地区算例为例,分析验证了所提交易模式在提升配额制目标完成度及在尽量降低社会整体消纳成本方面的价值,为新疆等类似地区电力市场建设提供了一种新的思路。     

土壤对架空配电线路感应雷过电压的影响研究

近年来,随着国民经济的飞速提高,人们对于电力资源的需求越来越大,电力行业随之不断发展,输配电线路逐渐遍布全国各地.当配电线路接入负荷时,通常采用传输电缆的形式接入,若此时发生雷击,雷电电磁波易通过传输电缆侵入设备,从而导致设备故障.为此,本文研究了周围土壤对架空配电线路感应雷过电压的影响.本文研究成果对后续输配电线路雷电过电压研究具有重要的理论意义.     

关于高压电气设备带电检测信息化管理的研究

随着电力系统的发展,对发电、输电、供电和用电的可靠性要求越来越高,高压电气设备状态检测也尤显重要.建立了一种智慧仪器仪表在线检测智能运检平台,制定统一的数据传输规范,实现检测数据终端分析、检测结果线上管理,全面提升电力设备带电检测试验工作水平,支撑泛在电力物联网重要战略部署.     

350MW机组锅炉引风机出力不足原因分析及解决措施

针对某电厂350 MW机组锅炉引风机出力不足、带负荷能力低的问题,通过现场测试与计算,分析引风机出力不足、机组不能高负荷运行的原因,判断其主要受煤质变化、烟道漏风大、烟道阻力上升等因素影响,导致引风机出力不足,并提出整改措施.     

超白浮法玻璃熔化温度与黏度特性及其对液流影响的分析

由于超白玻璃的铁含量低,因此与普通浮法玻璃存在较大的差异.从超白浮法玻璃的温度、黏度特性,及其对熔窑内玻璃液流的影响方面进行分析,计算玻璃液温度、黏度与深度之间的变化关系,并结合窑内液流流动规律和实际生产的数据,提出了超白玻璃液流的特点和生产中需要注意的问题,为超白浮法玻璃的生产提供了参考.