Nd含量对快淬纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx（x=0~20）合金电化学性能的影响

采用快淬技术制备Mg2Ni型纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx （x=0,5,10,15,20）合金,研究快淬速度对合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,快淬态无 Nd 合金为纳米晶结构,而添加 Nd 元素的快淬态合金为纳米晶和非晶结构,表明添加Nd元素可促进Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。当快淬速度从0增加至40 m/s时, x=0合金的放电容量从42.5增加至100.6 mA·h/g;x=10合金的放电容量从86.4增加至452.8 mA·h/g。与此同时, x=0合金的循环稳定性（S20）也由40.2%增加到41.1%,而x=10合金的S20值由53.2%增加到89.7%。     

添加Si对La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金循环稳定性的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,在合金中添加少量Si。采用真空感应熔炼制备了La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Si x(x=0~0.2)电极合金,并将部分合金在真空条件下,温度为900、950、1000和1050℃下进行了退火处理。用XRD、SEM分析了铸态及退火态合金的微观结构,测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学循环稳定性。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5及一个残余相LaNi3。添加Si使LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)2Ni7相减少。合金的电化学循环稳定性随Si含量的增加而增加,当Si含量x从0增加到0.2时,铸态合金100次充放循环后的容量保持率(S100)从64.2%增加到73.1%,而950℃退火态合金的S100值从80.3%增加到93.7%。     

Hydrogen storage properties of mechanically milled La2Mg17-x wt.% Ni （x=0, 50, 100, 150 and 200） composites

Melting method was used to obtain La2Mg17 alloy,and then Ni powder was added by mechanical alloying method.The kinetics of hydriding process and electrochemical properties of La2Mg17-x wt.%Ni(x=0,50,100,150,200) composites were investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analyses showed that the crystal structure of composite alloy gradually transformed into amorphous phase by the effect of ball milling and Ni powders.The research of hydrogen absorption properties found that La2Mg 17-50 wt.%Ni reached the highest hydrogen absorption than other alloys with more addition of Ni content,reached to 5.796 wt.% at 3 MPa,and up to 5.229 wt.% merely in 2 min,which revealed that the amorphous phase reduced the H occupation of the lattice clearance,resulting in the decline of hydrogen absorption capacity.The electrochemical tests indicated that the maximum discharge capacity increased to 353.1 mAh/g at 30 oC,however,the cycle stability decreased considerably.A series of kinetic measurements demonstrated that the controlling steps of electrochemical process of La 2 Mg 17-x wt.%Ni alloys transferred from hydrogen diffusion on alloy bulk(x=50,100) to hydrogen diffusion on both alloy bulk and surface(x=150,200).     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the nanocrystalline and amorphous（Mg24 Ni10 Cu2）100-x Ndx（x=0–20） alloys applied to Ni-MH battery

Melt spinning technology was used to prepare the Mg2 Ni-type（Mg24 Ni10 Cu2）100–x Ndx（x=0,5,10,15,20） alloys in order to obtain a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure.The effects of Nd content and spinning rate on the structures and electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the alloys were investigated.The structure characterizations of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） linked with energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） revealed that the as-spun Nd-free alloy displayed an entire nanocrystalline structure,whereas the as-spun Nd-added alloys held a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure and the degree of amorphization visibly increased with the rising of Nd content and spinning rate,suggesting that the addition of Nd facilitated the glass forming of the Mg2 Ni-type alloy.The electrochemical measurements indicated that the addition of Nd and melt spinning improved the electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of the alloys significantly.The discharge capacities of the as-cast and spun alloys exhibited maximum values when Nd content was x=10,which were 86.4,200.5,266.3,402.5 and 452.8 mAh/g corresponding to the spinning rate of 0（As-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s）,10,20,30 and 40 m/s,respectively.The cycle stability（S20,the capacity maintain rate at 20thcycle） of the as-cast alloy always rose with the increasing of Nd content,and those of the as-spun alloys exhibited the maximum values for Nd content x=10,which were 77.9%,83.4% 89.2% and 89.7%,corresponding to the spinning rate of 10,20,30 and 40 m/s,respectively.     

基于乏信息融合技术的机床加工误差的调整方法

基于融合隶属函数法、最大隶属度法、滚动均值法、算术平均值法和自助法,提出一种乏信息融合技术,以实现机床加工误差的调整。首先运用乏信息融合技术融合机床试加工时输出的小样本数据,获取机床试加工时工件的估计真值,以调整机床的加工误差,使工件满足质量要求;然后获取机床调整后输出的小样本可靠数据,运用模糊集合理论,在给定的置信水平下,预测可靠数据的估计区间。仿真和试验结果表明：运用乏信息融合技术,可实现对机床加工误差的调整。调整后的机床是可靠的,验证了运用乏信息融合技术调整机床的可行性。     

CeO2基固溶体对Mg2Ni合金储氢动力学性能的影响研究

采用水热法合成纳米Ce_1-x(Eu_0.5La_0.5)_xO₂及Ce_1-x(Fe_0.5La_0.5)_xO₂固溶体, 通过结构及光谱性能分析表征了掺杂效应。与纯CeO₂--相比, CeO₂基固溶体的晶胞参数变大, 紫外漫反射的吸收边发生移动, 拉曼光谱的F_2g特征振动峰向低波数方向移动。将掺杂固溶体作为添加剂与Mg₂Ni合金混合进行球磨处理, 对得到的复合材料进行结构及储氢动力学表征。XRD结果表明, 复合材料的纳米晶比例升高。储氢动力学测试结果表明, 固溶体添加剂使材料表面反应的可逆程度得到优化, Mg₂Ni合金体内的氢原子扩散速率及氢扩散系数也得到了提高。     

硼对Mm(Ni,Co,Mn,Al)5贮氢合金性能的影响

在低钴AB5型贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.4Mno.6Al0.2中加入微量硼,用铸造和快淬工艺制备了MmNi3.8Co0.4Mno.6Al0.2Bx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)贮氢合金;测试了合金的电化学性能;研究了硼含量对合金初始活化及高倍率放电性能的影响.结果表明:微量硼使合金性能大幅度提高.当x从0增加到0.4时,合金经过1～5次循环就可完全活化,铸态合金的1 C倍率放电能力从89.02%增加到93.61%,38 m/s快淬态合金的1 C倍率放电能力从79.62%提高到89.82%.     

快淬工艺对低钴AB5型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

研究了快淬工艺对稀土基低钴AB5型LaxMm1-x（NiMnSiAlFe）4．7Co0．2（x=0、01）贮氢合金的电化学性能及其微观结构的影响。研究结果表明,快淬改善了两种合金的循环稳定性,其主要原因是快淬使合金的晶胞体积增大,且使合金的晶粒细化;快淬对La含量x=0合金的循环寿命的增加幅度尤其明显,主要是因为快淬使该合金的晶粒更为细小。La替代Mm使合金的放电容量提高,其原因是La替代Mm抑制了第二相Ce2Ni7相的形成,并使合金的晶胞体积增大。     

碳系填料在聚合物基导电复合材料中的应用

介绍碳系填料在聚合物基导电复合材料中的应用以及导电复合材料渗流阈值的影响因素。碳系填料主要包括炭黑、石墨、碳纤维和碳纳米管等,对各类碳系填料的研究应侧重于提高其本征导电性能,并解决填料在聚合物基体中的分散问题。开发复合填料是拓宽碳系填料在电磁屏蔽领域应用的有效途径。采用混合填料、复合填料和多种聚合物材料并用可显著降低复合材料的电阻率,提高电磁屏蔽性能,降低导电渗流阈值。     

La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的研究进展

La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金是最具希望的新一代Ni—MH电池的负极材料,本文阐述了该合金系研究的主要进展,分析了LaMg—Ni系电极合金性能的主要影响因素,就提高La—Mg—Ni系电极合金电化学循环稳定性的问题提出了看法。