加拿大托巴蒙特罗斯水电工程建设经验

对加拿大托巴蒙特罗斯（TobaMontrose）水电工程的建设进展进行了详细描述。该工程由两座电站组成,以EPC总包形式开发建设。介绍了工程开发背景、融资模式、审批程序,以及设计创新情况,重点强调了当地社区参与及尽量减轻工程环境影响的重要性。对该工程成功建设实施的经验进行了归纳总结。     

气候变化和跨国界水资源管理

跨国界水资源的共享一直是人们主要关心的问题。在很多地区,没有足够的水资源满足人们的用水需求。随着全球气候变暖,人们在水资源的获得、分配和共享等方面面临越来越多的压力和困难。当水资源跨越国界边境时,这些问题会变得更加尖锐。对影响获取水资源的主要因素,以及有助于解决跨国界水资源冲突的跨国界协议或合约的内容进行了介绍和分析。     

Development and spatial organization of the air conduits in the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus

We employed macroscopic and ultrastructural techniques as well as intratracheal casting methods to investigate the pattern of development, categories, and arrangement of the air conduits in the chicken lung. The secondary bronchi included four medioventral (MVSB), 7-10 laterodorsal (LDSB), 1-3 lateroventral (LVSB), several sacobronchi, and 20-60 posterior secondary bronchi (POSB). The latter category has not been described before and is best discerned from the internal aspect of the mesobronchus. The secondary bronchi emerged directly from the mesobronchus, except for the sacobronchi, which sprouted from the air sacs. Parabronchi from the first MVSB coursed craniodorsally and inosculated their cognates from the first two LDSB. The parabronchi from the rest of the LDSB curved dorsomedially to join those from the rest of the MVSB at the dorsal border. Sprouting, migration, and anastomoses of the paleopulmonic parabronchi resulted in two groups of these air conduits; a cranial group oriented rostrocaudally and a dorsal group oriented dorsoventrally. The neopulmonic parabronchial network formed through profuse branching and anastomoses and occupied the ventrocaudal quarter of the lung. There were no differences in the number of secondary bronchi between the left and right lungs. Notably, a combination of several visualization techniques is requisite to adequately identify and enumerate all the categories of secondary bronchi present. The 3D arrangement of the air conduits ensures a sophisticated system, suitable for efficient gas exchange. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Shift-invariant interpattern association neural network

A shift-invariant neural network that uses the translation-invariant property of the modulus Fourier spectra with the heteroassociation interpattern association memory is proposed. A binary encoding of a spectral sampling of the training set is used to preserve the main features. Computer simulations and experimental demonstrations are provided that show the shift-invariant property of the proposed optical neural network.     

Experimental tests of a novel Raman cell for vacuum ultraviolet generation to below Lyman-α

A novel-type Raman cell especially suitable for the generation of tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation with pump radiation from a frequency-doubled dye laser is described. This hydrogen-filled Raman cell permits the generation of narrow-bandwidth radiation to below 114 nm. Absolute VUV energies in the various anti-Stokes orders and measurements of pulse durations and pressure dependences are given.     

Derivation of algorithms for phase-shifting interferometry using the concept of a data-sampling window

I propose a systematic way to derive efficient, error-compensating algorithms for phase-shifting interferometry by integer approximation of well-known data-sampling windows. The theoretical basi of the approach is the observation that many of the common sources of phase-estimation error can be related to the frequency-domain characteristics of the sampling window. Improving these characteristics can therefore improve the overall performance of the algorithm. Analysis of a seven-frame example algorithm demonstrates an exceptionally good resistance to first- and second-order distortions in the phase shift and a much reduced sensitivity to low-frequency mechanical vibration.