化学沉淀法处理酸性含氟废水研究

针对某磷肥厂除氟工序中废水含氟量过高的问题,设计了"熟石灰沉淀-水循环利用"的工艺改进方案;如遇紧急情况需要对含氟废水进行外排时,则以聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行混凝深度处理;并进行了除氟实验。结果表明,含氟废水当加入理论质量1.3倍的熟石灰、反应30 min时,即可使废水中F-含量达到工厂废水循环利用要求的质量浓度30 mg/L以下;熟石灰处理后的循环水达到GB 8979-1996一级排放标准的混凝PAC最大投加量为0.6 g/L。对反应生成的沉淀物进行X射线衍射表征表明,废水中的氟是以氟化钙的沉淀形式析出。该法流程简单、处理效率高、反应时间短,系统封闭运行,几乎无废水排放。     

硫酸铵和氯化钾复分解制备硫酸钾铵的实验研究

本文初步探讨了硫酸铵和氯化钾为原料复分解制取硫酸钾铵的工艺条件，由两组正交实验，得出了本实验范围内的最成条件，在此条件下，制得了含Ｋ２Ｏ〉４５％，Ｃｌ＾－〈１．３％的硫酸钾铵产品（未经水洗），符合农业用硫酸钾一等品标准。     

化学工程与工艺专业卓越工程师培养计划的构想

针对化工类卓越工程师的培养教育问题,本文从卓越工程师的培养目标、培养方案及培养模式三个方面,探讨了太原理工大学对开展校企深度合作培养化学工程与工艺专业工程师教育模式的初步构想,以期为我国化工工程师人才培养提供有益的指导。     

化工原理教学中的几点体会

化工原理课程是一门关于化学加工过程的专业技术基础课程,它是化工及相近学科学生由自然科学领域的基础课向工程科学的专业课过渡的入门课程。本文针对化工原理课程的教材内容,结合笔者多年的授课经验,详细介绍了教学中的几点体会,从基本原理出发,以基本方程为基准,深入浅出定性定量地描述了单元操作过程涉及的概念和现象,让学生用自己学过的知识来解决出现的新问题,充分发挥了学生的主观能动性,激发了学生的学习兴趣,从而培养了学生思考问题、解决问题的能力,并树立了科学和工程观念。     

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Doped with Cerium and Its Photocatalytic Activity

Cerium-doped titanium dioxide nano-powders were prepared through the sol-gel method and the compound sampies were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The results of XRD, TEM, and DRS show that pure TiO2 and Ce-doped TiO2 powder crystallines are a mixture of anatase and rutile ; the doping can retard the development of the grain size of TiO2 and decrease the diameter of TiO2 from more than 20 nm of pure TiO2 to about 10 nm; the doped TiO2 can improve the light absorption of TiO2 and suitable doping content tends to move the DRS spectrum of TiO2 towards visible light, but too much doping is not good for the light absorption ability. The results of the photocatalytic experiments show that doping with Ce content of 0.08% -0.4% can increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2; however, doping with Ce content of 0.5% -2.5% can significantly decrease the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The favorite doping content is 0.4% in the range of our experiments.     

基于枚举法的管壳式换热器自动选型软件设计

换热器选型计算需反复试差,过程繁琐,且最终筛选型号单一.以Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0软件为开发平台,结合ACCESS数据库,设计了管壳式换热器自动选型软件.该软件利用了开发平台强大的数据库连接功能,利用枚举法对数据库中所有型号换热器进行验算筛选,并将符合要求设备的运行参数输出至结果列表,给用户提供了较为全面的选择.     

Interactive Oxidation of Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis for Degradation of Phenol in a Photoreactor

TiO2/C particles as photocatalyst were prepared by dipping TiO2 suspension solution with activated carbon and were applied in the photocatalytic-electrocatalytic degradation of phenol, the Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2 electrode and oxygen diffusion electrode were used as anode and cathode respectively, and a 250 W ultraviolet lamp (365 nm) as side light source. The SEM results of TiO2/C and Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2 anode indicated that the TiO2 on carbon particles was uniform and PbO2 film on the surface of anode was in cauliflower form, the XRD result of oxygen diffusion electrode showed that only crystalline graphite was found. The influential parameters of degradation process such as applied cell voltage (E), initial concentration of phenol (C0), amount of TiO2 catalyst and air flow rate (v) were discussed. Under the following experimental conditions of C0=50 mg/L, pH=6, E=2 V, TiO2 0.98 mg/mL, v=382.2 mL/min, and light intensity I=10.5 mW/cm2, phenol could be entirely degraded, and about 89% of total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 3 h degradation.     

掺杂钕离子纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

以钛酸四丁醇为原料，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了掺杂Nd^3＋的纳米TiO2光催化剂，探讨了掺杂对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD），透射电镜（XRD）对制备的Md^3＋掺杂TiO2样品的相组成和晶粒大小进行了分析，并以苯酚为降解对象，考察了不同掺杂浓度，不同热处理温度下掺杂TiO2对苯酚的光催化降解效果。结果表明：掺杂Nd^3＋的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶相，Nd^3＋掺杂可阻碍TiO2的晶相转变，减小催化剂的晶粒尺寸，提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性。在本实验范围内，当Nd^3＋质量分数为0．8％（以TiO2质量计），处理温度为500℃时，TiO2光催化活性较高。与未掺杂的TiO2相比，其光催化活性提高约70％。     

RF-PCVD法纳米TiO2的制备及光催化研究

采用RF-PCVD法，以TiCl4 O2为反应体系，制备出纳米级的TiO2粉体。经TEM，XRD及粒度分布仪测试表明：粉体呈近球形，为锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶体，粒径范围为15nm～45nm，团聚后，粒径≤116nm的粉体占90％，并对纳米粉体的形成、分布和晶型进行了初步探讨。苯酚降解实验表明，TiO2粉体具有明显的光催化活性。