Reply to Comment on “Ewald summation technique for one-dimensional charge distributions”

We explain why the methods in Langridge, Hart and Crampin [Comput. Phys. Commun. 134 (2001) 78] suffice for the evaluation of the lattice sums entering the Madelung matrix describing multipole interactions in systems with one-dimensional translational periodicity.     

Interface Management within Construction: In Particular, Building Facade

This paper discusses the need for interface management within construction, with particular reference to building facade interfaces. It categorizes the three different types of interface management—physical, contractual, and organizational. The implication of interface management in construction contracting is discussed; it is explained how the U.K. procurement trends have changed, affecting the interface management within projects. U.K. cladding procurement is very fragmented, and the paper maps the development of a typical cladding system showing the complexities of interface management. Finally, the paper discusses CladdISS, a U.K. government funded research project to develop a standardized strategy for the design and management of window and cladding interfaces. It explains the principles of CladdISS with reference to process maps, action plans, management strategy, bibliography, advice on standards, materials, maintenance, joints, movement, and tolerances. This will enable strategies to be developed to avoid the endemic interface problems occurring on-site. It will also guide the management of the interfaces throughout the project.     

Alliance and Dropout in Family Therapy for Adolescents With Behavior Problems: Individual and Systemic Effects.

This study examined the relationship between alliance and retention in family therapy. Alliance was examined at the individual (parent and adolescent) and family levels (within-family differences). Participants were 34 families who received functional family therapy for the treatment of adolescent (aged 12-18 years) behavior problems. Families were classified as treatment dropouts (n=14) or completers (n=20). Videotapes of the first sessions were rated to identify parent and adolescent alliances with the therapist. Results demonstrated that individual parent and adolescent alliances did not predict retention. However, as hypothesized, dropout cases had significantly higher unbalanced alliances (parent minus adolescent) than did completer cases. These findings highlight the importance of alliances in functional family therapy and suggest that how the alliance operates in conjoint family therapy may be a function of systemic rather than of individual processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fibrous carbon materials having a protective oxidation resistant coating

Conclusions -- A gas-phase method of depositing one- or multiple-component carbide coatings on CFM of various textile structures has been developed. With preservation of the strength and elastic characteristics of the CFM, the thermo-oxidative resistance of the material is increased, plus the temperature range for the decomposition is shifted into the higher temperature region — by 150–250°C as compared with the starting material.-- CFM with protective coatings are finding ever greater use in making filters for cleaning up high-temperature gas-air mixtures.VNIIPV. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 47–48, May–June, 1991.     

The ontogeny and significance of infants' facial expressions in the first 9 months of life.

Four studies examined aspects of the differential emotions theory (DET) hypothesis of expressive behavior development. In Study 1, facial-expressive movements of 108 2.5–9-mo-old infants were video recorded in positive and negative mother–infant interactions (conditions). As expected, Max-specified full-face and partial expressions of interest, joy, sadness, and anger were morphologically stable between the 2 ages. Studies 1 and 2 confirmed predicted differential responding to mother sadness and anger expressions and to composite positive and negative conditions. Discrete negative expressions exceeded negative blends, and the amount of both expression types remained stable across ages. Studies 3 and 4 provided varying degrees of support for the social validity of Max-specified infant negative affect expressions. Conclusions include revisions and clarifications of DET. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determination of the half-life of the spontaneous fission of240PU

Two metallic²⁴⁰Pu sources were certified as reference standards of spontaneous-fission activity and neutron flux. The certification results were used to determine the ratio T_αT_s&f of the alpha-decay and spontaneousfission half-lives of²⁴⁰Pu. The ratio was found to be (5.68+-0.11)·10^−8, which corresponds to T_s&f =(1.16+0.02)·1011 yr for an assumed value T_α=6563+7yr.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 57–58, February, 1995.     

Properties of thin TiN films deposited onto stainless steel by an in-line dry coating process

A new coil-coating pilot plant, capable of utilizing ion plating, sputtering and plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) processes, independently or in series, was developed and optimum conditions for TiN, TiC, Al_xO_y, SiO_x and Cr coating were established. This paper is mostly concerned with the results of characterization (conducted in parallel by the authors′ two institutions) of TiN films deposited by ion plating or sputtering onto type-304 stainless steel strips. In particular, the dependence of the basic properties such as chemical composition, structure, adhesion, and color on the coating process are discussed with respect to anti-corrosion, anti-wear, and decorative applications. TiN coatings with a very attractive gold coloration were obtained; they performed well in wear testing, but did not show satisfactory corrosion resistance. However, it was found that the latter can be improved significantly by depositing a SiO_x, top layer by PACVD above the TiN coating. Thus the in-line dry coating processes are capable of producing highly functional steel surfaces with decorative color and high corrosion resistance.     

The High Field Project at Dresden/Rossendorf: A Pulsed 100 T/10 ms Laboratory at an Infrared Free-Electron-Laser Facility

This article describes the project to build a pulsed magnetic field user laboratory at the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf near Dresden. Using a 50 MJ/24 kV capacitor bank, pulsed fields and rise times of 100 T/10 ms, 70 T/100 ms, and 60 T/1 s should be achieved. The laboratory will be built next to a free-electron-laser-facility for the middle and far infrared (5 to 150 µm, 2 ps, cw). We describe the work which has been performed until now to start the construction of the laboratory in 2003: coil concepts and computer simulations, materials development for the high field coils, and design of the capacitor bank modules. In addition, a pilot laboratory has been set up where fields up to 62 T/15 ms have been obtained with a 1 MJ/10 kV capacitor module. It is used to gain experience in the operation of such a facility and to test various parts of it. In this test laboratory special devices have been developed for measurements of magnetization and magnetoresistance, and have been successfully used to investigate various materials including semiconductors and Heavy Fermion compounds. In particular, metamagnetic transitions in intermetallic compounds and the irreversibility field of a high-T _c superconductor have been determined. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations have been observed in the semimetallic compound CeBiPt. Resistance relaxation has been observed to start less than 1second after the field pulse. It could be shown for the first time that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is detectable in pulsed fields.