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71.
Khargonekar and Tannenbaum have shown how to modify the Nevanlinna‐Pick (N–P) interpolation theory to design an internally stable and robust controller. In this paper, we present a new modification of the N‐P theory so that closed‐loop poles can be placed inside a circular region in the left half of the complex plane, in addition to the control system design being robust and internally stable. This ensures a minimum damping of the closed‐loop system. Numerical examples illustrate the theory. 相似文献
72.
Copper catalysed cycloaddition reaction between azide and terminal alkyne, called as “click reaction”, was found to be modular approach for the synthesis of facile, highly efficient and recoverable D-2PA-Pd(II)@SBA-15 catalyst. In efforts to synthesize the catalyst, the cycloaddition reaction between azido-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 and N,N-dimethyl-2-propynylamine (D-2PA) has been carried out, followed by the complexation with PdCl2. To analyze physiochemical properties of synthesized materials, various characterization techniques such as CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectra, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM and N2 sorption analysis, TGA and DTA, UV–Vis spectroscopy have been carried out. The synthesized catalyst, D-2PA-Pd(II)@SBA-15, exhibited excellent catalytic activities with good product yield and high TON towards Suzuki coupling reaction of various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid. The effect of solvent, base and temperature on coupling reactions has also been described. The developed protocol offers recyclability of catalyst for multiple (four) times without any appreciable loss in stability and catalytic reactivity. 相似文献
73.
Copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with low mole fractions of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (MTS) was investigated with an aim to synthesize copolymers which can be cross-linked by hydrolytic cleavage of methoxy groups. Several copolymer samples were prepared by changing the molar ratios of two monomers in the initial monomer feed. Rate of copolymerization depended on the concentration of monomers and increased with an increase in MTS concentration. The copolymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and intrinsic viscosity determination. The effect of structure on thermal behavior was investigated by using dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. An attempt was made to identify products of degradation using mass spectrometry. Copolymers were also hydrolyzed in water and cross-linked. The effect of MTS in copolymers on percentage gel formation was determined. 相似文献
74.
Recognizing expressions is a key part of human social interaction, and processing of facial expression information is largely
automatic for humans, but it is a non-trivial task for a computational system. The purpose of this work is to develop computational
models capable of differentiating between a range of human facial expressions. Raw face images are examples of high-dimensional
data, so here we use two dimensionality reduction techniques: principal component analysis and curvilinear component analysis.
We also preprocess the images with a bank of Gabor filters, so that important features in the face images may be identified.
Subsequently, the faces are classified using a support vector machine. We show that it is possible to differentiate faces
with a prototypical expression from the neutral expression. Moreover, we can achieve this with data that has been massively
reduced in size: in the best case the original images are reduced to just 5 components. We also investigate the effect size
on face images, a concept which has not been reported previously on faces. This enables us to identify those areas of the
face that are involved in the production of a facial expression. 相似文献
75.
Xia Y Mittelstaedt D Ramakrishnan N Szarko M Bidthanapally A 《Microscopy research and technique》2011,74(2):122-132
Full thickness blocks of canine humeral cartilage were microtomed into both perpendicular sections and a series of 100 parallel sections, each 6 μm thick. Fourier transform infrared (IR) imaging was used to image each tissue section eleven times under different IR polarizations (from 0° to 180° polarization states in 20° increments and with an additional 90° polarization), at a spatial resolution of 6.25 μm and a wavenumber step of 8 cm?1. With increasing depth from the articular surface, amide anisotropies increased in the perpendicular sections and decreased in the parallel sections. Both types of tissue sectioning identified a 90° difference between amide I and amide II in the superficial zone (SZ) of cartilage. The fibrillar distribution in the parallel sections from the SZ was shown to not be random. Sugar had a weak but recognizable anisotropy in the upper part of the radial zone (RZ) in the perpendicular sections. The depth‐dependent anisotropic data were fitted with a theoretical equation that contained three signature parameters, which illustrate the arcade structure of collagens with the aid of a fibril model. Fourier‐transform IR imaging of both perpendicular and parallel sections provides the possibility of determining the three‐dimensional macromolecular structures in articular cartilage. Being sensitive to the orientation of the macromolecular structure in healthy articular cartilage aids the prospect of detecting the early onset of the tissue degradation that may lead to pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:122–132, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
76.
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is effective in treating oral bacterial infections. The solubility was shown to be highly dependent on the salt present in solution. Gluconate enhances the amount of CHX diacetate in solution possibly through mixed micelles formation, because the solubility product is such that the concentration of CHX will exceed the critical micelle concentration. However, only low concentrations of CHX dichloride can be obtained, which is not appreciably solubilized by gluconate ions. The low concentration of CHX that can be achieved in physiological concentrations of chloride in the oral cavity may be problematic for dental, slow release formulations. 相似文献
77.
Aruna Kilaru Giorgis Isaac Pamela Tamura David Baxter Scott R. Duncan Barney J. Venables Ruth Welti Peter Koulen Kent D. Chapman 《Lipids》2010,45(9):863-875
N-Acylethanolamines (NAE) are fatty acid derivatives, some of which function as endocannabinoids in mammals. NAE metabolism
involves common (phosphatidylethanolamines, PEs) and uncommon (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines, NAPEs) membrane phospholipids. Here we have identified and quantified more than a hundred
metabolites in the NAE/endocannabinoid pathway in mouse brain and heart tissues, including many previously unreported molecular
species of NAPE. We found that brain tissue of mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH
−/−) had elevated PE and NAPE molecular species in addition to elevated NAEs, suggesting that FAAH activity participates in the
overall regulation of this pathway. This perturbation of the NAE pathway in brain was not observed in heart tissue of FAAH
−/− mice, indicating that metabolic regulation of the NAE pathway differs in these two organs and the metabolic enzymes that
catabolize NAEs are most likely differentially distributed and/or regulated. Targeted lipidomics analysis, like that presented
here, will continue to provide important insights into cellular lipid signaling networks. 相似文献
78.
The existence of mild solution and the constrained local controllability of a retarded boundary control system with nonlocal delay condition have been established. The theory of extrapolation spaces is applied to derive the mild solution. Then, the constrained local controllability is established using the generalized open mapping theorem. In the last section, application of the result is shown through examples of control systems represented by hyperbolic partial differential equations. 相似文献
79.
80.